economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in iran. limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

forests and rangelands are the most important natural ecosystems which provide many economic benefits to the society due to their biodiversity and ecological functionalities. dashtenaz wildlife refuge, sari, is a sylvan region, covering 55 ha of rangeland with abundant diversity, is refuge of an endangered species of deer called dama mesopotamica. in this study, contingent valuation method (cvm...

The purpose of this study is to determine a valid strategy for implementing payment the local forest ecosystem services (local PES) by considering citizens’ willingness pay (WTP) and resource types utilized (taxes donations). A total 1000 citizens responded an online survey, which consisted questions related respondents’ socio-demographics, predicting factors (i.e., political orientation, perso...

Given the significance of teacher care and its impact on student motivation, stroke as a unit of recognition seems to be related to motivation for class attendance and language learning. In this regard, this paper aimed to investigate the role of stroke in students’ willingness to attend classes (WTAC) and their foreign language achievement (FLA) in the foreign language context. To this end, a ...

This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship among EFL learners’ language aptitude, anxiety, and willingness to communicate (WTC). Accordingly, two questionnaires and a battery were used: Language Aptitude Battery for Iranian Learners (LABI), Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), and WTC Scale. A total of 164 undergraduate students majoring in English literature and Eng...

background: health inequalitymonitoring especially in health care financing field is very important. hence, this study tends to assess the inequality in household's capacity to pay and out-of-pocket health carepaymentsin tehran metropolis. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed in 2013.thestudy population was selected by stratified cluster sampling, and they constitute the typical ho...

Prairie strips planted into crop fields offer multiple environmental benefits. This study estimates the willingness of U.S. farmers to convert 5% their largest corn-soybean field prairie in exchange for payment. Using stated preference results estimate land supply, we find that 20% are willing adopt at payments equivalent average Conservation Reserve Program rental rates, corresponding potentia...