Respiratory Absorption and Elimination The human respiratory system has long been known to filter the air passing through it. Lord Lister demonstrated that putrefactive organisms were not present in air passing out of the lungs and in 1869 Tyndall (1881) found that air expelled towards the end of a breath failed to produce scattered light near the focus of a light beam and caused the white trac...

This paper describes a tunable X-ray focusing apparatus, referred to as a transfocator, based on compound refractive lenses. By varying the number of lenses in the beam, the X-ray energy focused and the focal length can be varied continuously throughout a large range of energies and distances. The instrument can be used in both white and monochromatic beams to focus, pre-focus or collimate the ...

The present status of neutron beam production techniques above 20 MeV is discussed. Presently, two main methods are used; white beams and quasi-monoenergetic beams. The performances of these two techniques are discussed, as well as the use of such facilities for measurements of nuclear data for fundamental and applied research. Recently, two novel ideas on how to produce extremely intense neutr...

In this paper we will report on tests we have performed at GELINA (IRMM Geel), CYCLONE (Louvain-la-Neuve) and n-ToF (CERN) to demonstrate that the in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy can be adapted to low frequency white neutron beams or to quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams in order to measure (n,xn) cross sections. After a description of the nuclear data status, regarding the hybrid system thematic, of...

We consider the random Schrödinger equation as it arises in the paraxial regime for wave propagation in random media. In the white noise limit it becomes the Itô-Schrödinger stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) which we analyze here in the high frequency regime. We also consider the large lateral diversity limit where the typical width of the propagating beam is large compared to the...

background: physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. however the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. the aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...

A tunable, double multilayer x-ray monochromator has recently been implemented on the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) X25 wiggler beam line. It is based on a parallel pair of tungsten-boron-carbide multilayer films grown on silicon substrates and purchased from Osmic, Inc. of Troy, Michigan, USA. It acts as an optional alternative to the conventional double silicon crystal monochromato...

Neutron scattering spectroscopy is a powerful probe to study phonon and magnon excitations in condensed matter physics. A development of neutron monochromator, which properly branches monochromatic neutrons from a white beam, is therefore one of the instrumental key issues in neutron science; especially, due to the lack of neutron beam flux. Ge and Si single crytals have been one of the typical...

An advanced light-fidelity (Li-Fi) system based on the blue Gallium nitride (GaN) laser diode (LD) with a compact white-light phosphorous diffuser is demonstrated for fusing the indoor white-lighting and visible light communication (VLC). The phosphorous diffuser adhered blue GaN LD broadens luminescent spectrum and diverges beam spot to provide ample functionality including the completeness of...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether magnesium intake from supplemental and dietary sources is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in older men and women. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand thirty-eight older black and white men and women aged 70 to 79 at baseline enrolled in the Health, Aging and Body Composition ...