Abstract Drake Passage is a key region for transport between the surface and interior ocean, but mechanistic understanding of this exchange remains immature. Here, we present wintertime, submesoscale‐resolving hydrographic transects spanning southern boundary Antarctic Circumpolar Current Polar Front (PF). Despite strong wind buoyancy forcing, freshwater lens suppresses surface‐interior south P...

Five years of nearly continuous measurements aerosol hygroscopicity by a Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA) at Mace Head research station are presented, making it the longest data set in marine environment and Northeast Atlantic region particular. The main goal this work was to examine seasonal patterns mixing state variety air masses. entire categorized into clean pollute...

Epidemiologic studies have consistently reported associations between outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and adverse health effects. Although Asia bears the majority of the public health burden from air pollution, few epidemiologic studies have been conducted outside of North America and Europe due in part to challenges in population exposure assessment. We assessed the feasi...

BACKGROUND The wintertime co-occurrence of peaks in influenza and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is well documented, but how and whether wintertime peaks caused by these two pathogens are causally related is still uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between influenza infection and IPD in Ontario, Canada, using several complementary methodological tools. METHODS AND FINDIN...

The Cache Valley airshed is in serious threat of exceeding the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5). Although the local airshed approaches both the annual (15 µg m-3) and the 24-hr standard (65 µg m-3), it is the 24-hr standard that is in the greatest danger of exceedance. As of June 2006, the regulatory allowable 98 th ...

Antarctic sea ice formation is strongly influenced by polynyas occurring in austral winter. The sea ice production of Ross Ice Shelf Polynya (RISP) located in the Ross Sea is the highest among coastal polynyas around the Southern Ocean. In this paper, daily sea ice production distribution of RISP in wintertime is estimated during 2003–2015, and the spatial and temporal trends of ice production ...

Surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) variations in Drake Passage are examined using decade-long underway shipboardmeasurements. North of the Polar Front (PF), the observed pCO2 shows a seasonal cycle that peaks annually in August and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)–forced variations are significant. Just south of the PF, pCO2 shows a small seasonal cycle that peaks annually in February...

Governmental systems are one of the significant topics of constitutional law literature and comprehensive studies have been carried out on this issue. The answer to the question whether a parliamentary system, a presidential system or a mixed system is the most suitable system of government can change according to the political preferences of the countries. Since countries search for the best s...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the impact of Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in Sweden. METHOD An experimental design was applied. Prior to February 2000, all alcohol monopoly outlets we closed on Saturdays. After this date, stores in an experimental area (six counties) were open on Saturdays. In the control area (seven counties) the shops remained closed. To pre...