We have expressed the segment polarity gene wingless (wg) ectopically in imaginal discs to examine its regulation of both ventral patterning and transdetermination. By experimentally manipulating the amount of Wg protein, we show that different thresholds of Wg activity elicit different outcomes, which are mediated by regulation of decapentaplegic (dpp) expression and result in alterations in t...

Recent studies in Drosophila have shown that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for Wingless (Wg/Wnt) signaling. In addition, genetic and phenotypic analyses have implicated the glypican gene dally in this process. Here, we report the identification of another Drosophila glypican gene, dally-like (dly) and show that it is also involved in Wg signaling. Inhibition of dly gene act...

Global warming and then climate change are important topics studied by researchers throughout the world in the recent decades. In these studies, climatic parameters changes are investigated. Considering large-scaled output of AOGCMs and low precision in computational cells, uncertainty analysis is one of the principles in doing hydrological studies. For this reason, it is tried that investigati...

Simon’s and Theil’s certainty equivalence property justifies a convenient algorithm for solving dynamic programming problems with quadratic objectives and linear transition laws: first, optimize under perfect foresight, then substitute optimal forecasts for unknown future values. A similar decomposition into separate optimization and forecasting steps prevails when a decision maker wants a deci...

Abstract On a global scale, climate change is projected to have detrimental impacts on water availability. This situation will become more severe owing accumulated of and anthropogenic activities. study aims investigate impact availability in the upper Dong Nai River Basin using Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Evaluation Planning (WEAP) models. Future rainfall scenarios were downscaled from f...

climate change is one of the most important factors that will affect different parts of human life on earth and will be adverse effects on environmental resources, economic, social and especially water resources, with changes in rainfall and timing of runoff amount.one of the strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change is to assess its effects on precipitation, temperature and runoff i...

The protein-serine kinase Shaggy (Sgg) is the Drosophila homolog of mammalian glycogen synthase kinase-3 and has been genetically implicated in signal transduction pathways necessary for the establishment of patterning. Sgg is a putative component of the Wingless (Wg) pathway, and epistasis analyses suggest that Sgg function is repressed by Wg signaling. Here, we have investigated the biochemic...

Two multi-phasic models (logistic (LOG) and Michaelis-Menten (MM)) with three sub-curves were used to describe gas production kinetics of corn (CG), barley (BG), wheat (WG) and triticale (TG) grains. In each model sub curve, 1 describes the gas production caused by fermentation of the soluble fraction, gas production caused by fermentation of the non-soluble fraction is described in sub curve 2...