background and aims: influenza a virus of orthomyxoviridae family is able to create pandemic influenza. vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection. matrix protein 2 (m2) is a homotetramer ion channel with 97 amino acids length and highly conserved among influenza viruses and is considered for development of a universal influenza vaccine. materials and methods: we...

lentiviral vectors are among the promising viral based-vectors in gene therapy applications, but the efficiency of their targeting needs to be improved. (strept)avidin-biotin adaptor system is a novel approach to modify the lentiviral envelope for better targeting properties. herein, we describe utilization of this adaptor system by designing a candidate envelope protein-bearing biotin acceptor...

Background: IGF-1 and certain other cytokines have been shown to exert inflammatory/anti-inflammatory roles in chronic joint diseases. Objective: To assess the effect of IGF-1, IL-27 and IL-35, their interaction and their receptor expression in a rheumatoid arthritis model. Methods: Freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic joint inflammation was operated on 160 male rats. Animals were divided into his...

intercultural communication takes place when individuals influenced by different cultural communities negotiate shared meanings in interaction. as every country has its own cultural value system; consequently, nonverbal communication is different from country to country. therefore, having knowledge about the similarities and differences of nonverbal communication in different cultures increases...

Introduction: Rosemary, Rosmarinus (R.) officinalis L. is a well-known plant with several useful properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative. It has been used in folk medicine to alleviate rheumatic pain, stomachache and dysmenorrhea. Rosemary has several constituents such as rosmarinic acid which can be responsible for therapeutic properties been noted with rosem...

Objectives: 7-prenyloxycoumarins are a group of secondary metabolites that are found mainly in plants belonging to the Rutaceae and Umbelliferae families. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of 7-prenyloxycoumarin compounds and herniarin on MCF-7, a breast carcinoma cell line. Materials and Methods: Cells were cultured in RPMI medium and incubate...

One hundred and seventy patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the prevalence of antibodies to the small RNA-associated proteins Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, U1RNP and Sm. The relationship of these autoantibodies to different races, sexes and clinical manifestations of SLE was evaluated. Passive immunodiffusion was employed using human spleen extract as antigen source for Ro a...

tuberculosis remains as an important socioeconomical and medical problem throughout the world and especially in iran. early and timely diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is vital to initiate prompt treatment. current diagnostic methods are either slow or lack enough sensitivity or specificity. several mycobacterial antigens are involved in the complex interaction with the im...

Background: Targeting of CD20 antigen with monoclonal antibodies has become the mainstay in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and immunotherapeutic depletion of malignant B cells. Accessibility of antigen is one of the crucial factors in development of monoclonal antibodies against this antigen. One major problem in expression of full length CD20 is aggregation and misfolding. Therefore,...