نتایج جستجو برای: west kiar
تعداد نتایج: 95188 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The effective reproduction number, R t , of Ebola virus disease was estimated using country-specific data reported from Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone to the World Health Organization from March to August, 2014. R t for the three countries lies consistently above 1.0 since June 2014. Country-specific R t for Liberia and Sierra Leone have lied between 1.0 and 2.0. R t <2 indicate that control ...
Vector surveillance for infectious diseases is labor intensive and constantly threatened by budget decisions. We report on outcomes of an undergraduate research experience designed to build surveillance capacity for West Nile Virus (WNV) in Montana (USA). Students maintained weekly trapping stations for mosquitoes and implemented assays to test for WNV in pools of Culex tarsalis. Test results w...
BACKGROUND The effects of weather on West Nile virus (WNV) mosquito populations in the United States have been widely reported, but few studies assess their overall impact on transmission to humans. OBJECTIVES We investigated meteorologic conditions associated with reported human WNV cases in the United States. METHODS We conducted a case-crossover study to assess 16,298 human WNV cases rep...
This paper developed an approach by the synthesis of remote sensing, landscape metrics, and statistical methods to examine the effects of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on the spread of West Nile virus (WNV) caused by mosquitoes and animal hosts in Chicago, USA. Land use/land cover and land surface temperature images were derived from Terra's Advanced ...
West Africa has recently emerged as a major focus for international drug policy, mainly in response to largescale cocaine seizures in West Africa, from where drugs are transhipped to European and American consumer markets [1]. International policy responses have concentrated on strengthening the criminal justice system, particularly the interdiction of drugs at West African airand seaports. How...
vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Over the past decade, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread across the United States. We aggregated blood donor data from 2010-2012 and then calculated the incidence of WNV RNA-positive donations and compared the incidence with neuroinvasive disease (NID) case data from the ArboNET surveillance system. Of 10,107,853 donations, 640 were confirmed positive. The seasonal WNV incidence rate per 100,000 ...
West Nile virus (WNV) has caused outbreaks and sporadic infections in Central, Eastern and Mediterranean Europe for over 45 years. Most strains responsible for the European and Mediterranean basin outbreaks are classified as lineage 1. In recent years, WNV strains belonging to lineage 1 and 2 have been causing outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease in humans in countries such as Italy, Hungary and ...
This study was designed to explore the role that red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) may have played in disseminating West Nile virus (WNV) across the United States. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays designed to detect WNV antibodies in avian species we were able to determine the WNV antibody prevalence in a cohort of red-winged blackbirds in central North Dakota in 2003 and 2004...
We describe the first case of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in Europe with transmission from donor to recipient following liver transplantation. The infection was detected in the recipient 3 days after transplantation, during the asymptomatic phase. We also report an innovative prophylactic strategy based on infusion of WNV hyperimmune plasma and gamma globulins that could be effective in pre...
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