The p-cycle and its Failure Independent Path Protection (FIPP) extension are known to be efficient and agile protection strategies. The p-cycle is pre-configured such that if there is a failure, only the switches at two end nodes need to be reconfigured. In this paper, we extend the p-cycle by allowing cycles to have attached links, called Parasitic Protection Links (PPL), in order to protect p...

This paper clari es two variable-toxed length codes which achieve optimum large deviations performance of empirical compression ratio. One is Lempel-Ziv code with xed number of phrases, and the other is an arithmetic code with xed codeword length. It is shown that Lempel-Ziv code is asymptotically optimum in the above sense, for the class of nite-alphabet and nite-state sources, and that the ar...

If the distances of TSP satisfy the triangle inequality, the minimum-cost-spanning tree (MST) heuristics produces a tour whose length is guaranteed to be less than 2 times the optimum tour length and Christofides’ heuristics generates the 3/2 times the optimum tour length. Otherwise, the quality of the approximation is hard to evaluate. Here a four vertices and three lines inequality is used to...

In the analysis of nonlinear waves in plasma, especially for search periodic waves, shock and solitons, mechanical analogy methods are widely applicable. The most famous them is Sagdeev pseudopotential method. However, sometimes mathematical difficulties arise when deriving formulas pseudopotentials. author proposes three tricks to get around these obtain exact pseudopotentials cases where dire...

We consider the class of polynomial differential equation x&= , 2(,)(,)(,)nnmnmPxyPxyPxy++++2(,)(,)(,)nnmnmyQxyQxyQxy++&=++. For where and are homogeneous polynomials of degree i. Inside this class of polynomial differential equation we consider a subclass of Darboux integrable systems. Moreover, under additional conditions we proved such Darboux integrable systems can have at most 1 limit cycle.

This paper presents a simulation study to evaluate the capacity and the optimum service cycle time of a demand responsive transit “feeder” service within the colonia of El Cenizo, TX. Demand data are taken from a survey questionnaire conducted to evaluate the existing travel patterns and the potential demand for a feeder service. Results showed that a single shuttle would be able to comfortably...

This paper reviews the available evidence (published and unpublished) on the relation between loudness and stimulus intensity. The e. vidence suggests that for the typical listener the loudness L of a 1000-cycle tone can be approximated by a power function of intensity I, of which the exponent is log•02. The equation is: L--kI ø.a. Intensity here is assumed to be proportional to the square of t...