The purpose of this paper is to develop a general framework for the prediction of complex multiscale phenomena and to illustrate this framework through comparison to two examples of current interest to the authors. Prediction involves a two step process of inverse prediction to describe the system, given observations of its behavior, and forward prediction, to specify system behavior, given its...

A fast and precise obtainment of static background in image sequence is the key step in monitor control system. A real-time algorithm of dynamic extraction for static background is put forward by means of the characteristics in environment and moving objects with static background. Large amounts of experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm has the properties of rapidity, simplicity, a...

The scientific objectives are to: 1) document the structure and characteristics of entrainment circulations in marine stratocumulus and fair-weather-cumuli, 2) characterize the vertical distribution of drizzle and how it relates to cloud and mesoscale circulations; 3) investigate the relative role of cloud thickness, cloud turbulence intensity, and aerosols on drizzle production; 4) study the p...

background: industrialization and urbanization had a devastating impact on public health and caused an increase in health related morbidity and mortality. in fact, asthma is a chronic condition which is considered as one of the significant challenges of public health. in this study, we investigated the association of air pollution and weather conditions with excess emergency ward admissions of ...

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the validity of mesoscale numerical weather prediction modeling near the complex terrain at Aubrey Cliffs, Arizona, and to investigate the influence of the outer domain size employed on the computational results. Mesoscale Modeling v5 (MM5) was implemented to produce numerical wind data that was compared with experimental wind data. The results obtain...

When light is reflected from object surface, its spectral characteristics will be affected by surface’s elemental composition, while its polarimetric characteristics will be determined by the surface’s orientation, roughness and conductance. Multispectral polarimetric imaging technique records both the spectral and polarimetric characteristics of the light, and adds dimensions to the spatial in...

Soil moisture (SMC) is a key state variable that influences both global water and energy budgets by controlling the redistribution of rainfall into infiltration, runoff, percolation in soil, and evapotranspiration. Due to these characteristics and to the great effect on the surface energy exchange, soil moisture content may have a strong impact on climate change dynamics and it is, therefore, a...

Processes occurring at the land surface are known to have an impact in weather and climate variability in a wide range of timescales, from hours to millennia, making land surface models a required component of both weather and climate prediction systems. Of special relevance is the role of land surface processes involving vegetation and soil water in the amplification of extreme weather and cli...