Unless we challenge long-held assumptions about how business leaders are supposed to act and where they're supposed to come from, many people who could become effective global leaders will remain invisible, warns Harvard Business School professor Hill. Instead of assuming that leaders must exhibit take-charge behavior, broaden the definition of leadership to include creating a context in which ...

objective hereditary spastic paraplegia (hsp) is a degenerative disease of genetic origin affecting the corticospinal tracts in the spinal cord. there are three forms of inheritance: autosomal dominant hsp, autosomal rececive hsp and x-linked hsp. this disease is characterized by progressive spasticity of leg muscles with varying degrees of stiffness and weakness of other muscle groups. in this...

T HE ARCHIVES OF SURGERY WILL BE OFFIcially renamed JAMA Surgery, beginning January 1, 2013; the other 8 Archives journals will be renamed similarly for their specialties. When I discussed this with the new JAMA editor, Howard Bauchner, MD, I was excited about the new name. We are uniquely linked to JAMA and this name change will broadcast that association even more vividly. The Archives of Sur...

Science in the United States is in a time of pain and uncertainty. The pain is felt most acutely by young scientists, who are having great difficulty establishing their careers. The uncertainty about the duration and outcome of the current situation stems from its roots in ponderous events of recent history—the end of the cold war, industrial downsizing, government deficits and demographic tren...

I have just made a complaint to an electricity company. We recently moved house, changed our supplier, and needed to pay off a small final sum to the company. Because of a glitch in their online payment system, it proved impossible to do this. After receiving a threat to send bailiffs round, I finally managed to speak to someone in the debts department, and paid the bill. I also suggested they ...

Since the discovery of antibiotics, it has been generally believed that these antimicrobials are capable of curing almost all bacterial infections. More recently, the appearance of increasing resistance to antibiotics and the emergence of multiresistant microorganisms have given rise to growing concern among physicians, and that concern has now started to filter through to society in general. T...

The United Nations’ (UN) International Year of Biodiversity in 2010 was supposed to see the adoption of measures that would slow global environmental decline and the continuing loss of endangered species and habitats. Even before, in 2002, most UN members had committed to halting the decline in biodiversity, which is a measure of the health of ecosystems. But the results of these international ...

F ossil fuels provide substantial economic benefits, but in recent decades, a series of concerns have arisen about their environmental costs. In the United States, for example, the Clean Air Act in 1970 and 1977 addressed concerns over the emissions of so-called conventional pollutions, notably airborne particulate matter, by imposing fuel economy standards on vehicles and regulations to reduce...