Instruments that measure cloud base height at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program site in Lamont and Blackwell Oklahoma are examined. These instruments include, the Micropulse Lidar, Belfort Laser Ceilometer, Vaisala Ceilometer, and MillimeterWavelength Cloud Radar. Instruments at the ARM sites record information regarding cloud radiative forcing and feedback effects, variables ...

The Full Waveform LiDAR system has been developed and used commercially all over the world. It acts to record complete time of a laser pulse high-resolution sampling interval compared traditional multiple-echo LiDAR, which only provides signals within single target range. This study area mainly collects data from Riegl LMS-Q680i WorldView-2 satellite imagery, focuses on buildings, vegetation, g...

Understory vegetation plays an important role in the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Light detection ranging (LiDAR) can provide understory information form either point cloud or full-waveform data. Point data have a remarkable ability to represent three-dimensional structures vegetation, while contain more detailed on interactions between laser pulses vegetation; both types been w...

The Dual-Wavelength Echidna Lidar (DWEL), a full waveform terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), has been used to scan a variety of forested and agricultural environments. From these scanning campaigns, we summarize the benefits and challenges given by DWEL's novel coaxial dual-wavelength scanning technology, particularly for the three-dimensional (3D) classification of vegetation elements. Simultane...

Small-footprint airborne laser scanners (ALS) are lidar instruments originally developed for topographic mapping. In recent years ALS sensors are increasingly used also in other applications (forest mapping, building extraction, power line modelling, etc.) and their technical capabilities are steadily improving. While the first ALS systems only allowed determining the range from the sensor to t...

Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) was mapped throughout China using large footprint LiDAR waveform data from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) imagery and forest inventory data. The entire land of China was divided into seven zones according to the geographic charac...