Nucleation rate measurements of water in the presence of nitrogen as a carrier gas are reported at total pressures near 10, 25, and 40 bar, and temperatures of 230 and 250 K. The results were obtained using our pulse-expansion wave tube, particularly suited for high pressure nucleation research. Enhanced fugacity of water vapor in the mixture, due to the presence of nitrogen, was quantitatively...

We have investigated CCN properties of internally mixed particles composed of one organic acid (oxalic acid dihydrate, succinic acid, adipic acid, citric acid, cis-pinonic acid, or Nordic reference fulvic acid) and one inorganic salt (sodium chloride or ammonium sulphate). Surface tension and water activity of aqueous model solutions with concentrations relevant for CCN activation were measured...

How do countries that share cross-border rivers respond to periods of abnormally low water availability? This article argues that understanding whether countries react cooperatively or conflictually to within-basin shortages is just as important as identifying the influence of cross-basin differences in absolute availability. To study the effects of within-basin, relative scarcity, the article ...

It is shown that in several of the higher invertebrate animals, oxygen consumption is directly proportional to the oxygen tension in the sea water, over a wide range.

This work presents a rigorous numerical validation of analytical stochastic models of steady state unsaturated flow in heterogeneous porous media. It also provides a crucial link between stochastic theory based on simplifying assumptions and empirical field and simulation evidence of variably saturated flow in actual or realistic hypothetical heterogeneous porous media. Statistical properties o...

The cohesion-tension theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together and that they are pulled through the xylem under tension. This tension could cause transport failure in at least two ways: collapse of the conduit walls (implosion), or rupture of the water column through air-seeding. The objective of this research was to elucidate the functional significance...

We consider the linearization of the three-dimensional water waves equation with surface tension about a flat interface. Using oscillatory integral methods, we prove that solutions of this equation demonstrate dispersive decay at the somewhat surprising rate of t−5/6. This rate is due to competition between surface tension and gravitation at O(1) wave numbers and is connected to the fact that, ...