The application of metaldehyde to agricultural catchment areas to control slugs and snails has caused severe problems for drinking water supply in recent years. In the River Thames catchment, metaldehyde has been detected at levels well above the EU and UK drinking water standards of 0.1 μg l-1 at many sites across the catchment between 2008 and 2015. Metaldehyde is applied in autumn and winter...

A rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is an alternative water resource that collects and stores rainwater from rooftops. It helps smooth out variations in water supply and sustainable water resources management. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits from sharing RWHS with nearby neighbors in a community. We introduced different mean, variance, and correlation in water demand for ...

The presented method of determining the risk associated with the failure in water supply systems (WSS) was based on the results of study on the operation of water supply networks and the related failures. The implementation of fuzzy logic proposed in this paper allows to determine the failure risk depending on defined by fuzzy functions two parameters: the duration of the lack of water supply a...

BACKGROUND Access to safe drinking water is essential for health. Monitoring access to drinking water focuses on water supply type at the source, but there is limited evidence on whether quality differences at the source persist in water stored in the household. OBJECTIVES We assessed the extent of fecal contamination at the source and in household stored water (HSW) and explored the relation...

This paper presents a hierarchical analysis of stream ecosystem distribution and sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic disturbances for the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming. We designated stream gradient, flow regime, and lithology as environmental parameters that would result in the most robust, readily applied, and parsimonious description of physical and chemical characteristics of indivi...

Carol Stewart,*3 Lino Pizzolon,4 Thomas Wilson,1 Graham Leonard,I David Dewar,1 David Johnston,# and Shane Cronin33 7Private Consultant, Brooklyn, Wellington, New Zealand 8National University of Patagonia, Esquel, Argentina 6University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand IGNS Science, Avalon, Lower Hutt, New Zealand #GNS Science/Massey University, Avalon, Lower Hutt, New Zealand 77Massey U...

Irrigation management is based upon delivery of water to a crop in the correct amount and time, and the crop’s water need is determined by calculating evapotranspiration (ET) using weather data. In 1994, an ET-network was established in the Texas High Plains to manage irrigation on a regional scale. Though producers used the ET-network, by 2010 public access was discontinued. Why did producers ...

This research was conducted at the Michigan Department of Natural Resources research station located near Saline, Michigan, U.S.A., during May and June of 1975. Koch-Warner Creek, which is spring fed, supplies water that is passed from a reservior to a duplicate series of three outdoor channels. Each section is 36.6 meters in length, 5.4 meters in width, and varies in depth from 0.3 to i.i meters.

Climate models robustly predict that the climate of southwestern North America, defined as the area from the western Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean and from the Oregon border to southern Mexico, will dry throughout the current century as a consequence of rising greenhouse gases. This regional drying is part of a general drying of the subtropics and poleward expansion of the subtropical dry z...

This paper presents the water and contaminant daily simulation model of the total water cycle, called UVQ. The model has been developed to provide a means for rapidly assessing conventional and non-conventional approaches to providing water supply, stormwater and wastewater services to urban allotments, neighbourhoods and catchments. The model is placed in the context of other such models devel...