to softening or breaking down of the brain-substance. In some of the cases I recorded and which terminated favourably, it is, of course, to be assumed that the congestions or other changes were of a transient and curable character. In the present paper I propose to consider the cases which may be regarded as inflammatory in their nature, but which, though exceedingly dangerous, are amenable to ...

This paper is concerned with nonlinear analysis of frames composed of softening materials. The previously proposed dissipated energy maximization approach is extended to determine non-holonomic solution of such frames. The adopted assumptions are: linear kinematics, lumped plasticity with softening behavior, piecewise-linear yield functions, associate flow rule and isotropic evolution with a th...

Kiwifruit is an excellent model in which to study events in the cell wall that lead to fruit becoming soft. In kiwifruit, softening can be separated into distinct phases, with the phase associated with the most extensive and rapid loss of firmness being well-separated temporally from that associated with the respiratory climacteric and ethylene production. This contrasts with tomato, avocado, a...

In self-consistent N -body simulations of collisionless systems, gravitational interactions are modified on small scales to remove singularities and simplify the task of numerically integrating the equations of motion. This ‘gravitational softening’ is sometimes presented as an ad-hoc departure from Newtonian gravity. However, softening can also be described as a smoothing operation applied to ...

Phonon density-of-states curves were obtained from inelastic neutron scattering spectra from the three crystalline phases of uranium at temperatures from 50 to 1213 K. The alpha-phase showed an unusually large thermal softening of phonon frequencies. Analysis of the vibrational power spectrum showed that this phonon softening originates with the softening of a harmonic solid, as opposed to vibr...

The manifold role of aquatic macrophytes in lake ecology is closely linked to their distribution and biomass, which in turn is a synergy of various environmental factors. The implication of different environmental variables on macrophyte speciation and life form structure in lake Hiidenvesi, with an uneven eutrophication history, was studied. The persisting life forms refl ected the somewhat in...

Cell wall polysaccharides play an important role in postharvest fruit texture softening. Effects of calcium treatment combined with cold storage on the physical properties, polysaccharide content and nanostructure of apricots were investigated. Apricots were immersed in distilled water, 1% or 3% w/v calcium chloride, then stored at 5°C or 10°C. Storage at 5°C significantly improved apricot qual...

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a mushroom-forming white rot fungus that contains a wide variety of bioactive components (glucans). In this study, G. lucidum was utilized for the extraction of polysaccharides by hot compressed water at a temperature of 160 o C and a pressure of 4.0 MPa using a semi-batch system. Under these conditions, thermal softening of G. lucidum occurred, allowing the re...