Abstract Wheat is the major agricultural crop in Iran. Using reliable tools to estimate wheat grain yield may help regional planners and stakeholders employ proper cultivation approaches increase different regions. The process-based growth models are essential analytical for representing main interactions between environment, crop, resources, production. For these reasons, have been used as an ...

Drought is one of the greatest limitations to crop expansion outside the present-day agricultural areas. It will become increasingly important in regions of the globe where, in the past, the problem was negligible, due to the recognized changes in global climate. Today the concern is with improving cultural practices and crop genotypes for drought-prone areas; therefore, understanding the mecha...

The importance of metabolic rate and/or spiracle modulation for saving respiratory water is contentious. One major explanation for gas exchange pattern variation in terrestrial insects is to effect a respiratory water loss (RWL) saving. To test this, we measured the rates of CO2 and H2O release ( and , respectively) in a previously unstudied, mesic cockroach, Aptera fusca, and compared gas exch...