We constructed and characterized a transcriptional fusion that measures the availability of water to a bacterial cell. This fusion between the proU promoter from Escherichia coli and the reporter gene gfp was introduced into strains of E. coli, Pantoea agglomerans, and Pseudomonas syringae. The proU-gfp fusion in these bacterial biosensor strains responded in a quantitative manner to water depr...

Scheduled-induced drinking (SID) occurs when food-deprived rats are exposed to intermittent schedules of food reinforcement. In recent years, SID has been considered as operant behavior reinforced directly by water and it suggested that deprivation may function a motivating operation increases the reinforcing value water. The purpose study was determine effects varying food-deprivation levels o...

1. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was determined, by radioimmunoassay, in samples of urine from normal individuals under a variety of physiological conditions. 2. The amount of glycoprotein excreted in 24 h by our population (39 +/- 13 mg, corrected for body surface area) was found not to be influenced by sex, age (19-60 years) or amounts of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ excreted. 3. Urine samples collected a...

The study examines the consequences of alternative public responses to drought shocks. It does so by drawing on household data from resettlement areas of rural Zimbabwe over the period 1992/93 to 1995/96 and the estimation of four behavioural relations: the determinants of crop income; the determinants of investment in livestock; the determinants of investment in agricultural capital stock; and...

Stress adaptation or tolerance in plants is a complex phenomenon involving changes in physiological and metabolic processes. Plants must develop elaborate networks of defense mechanisms, and adapt to and survive for sustainable agriculture. Water-deficit or dehydration is the most critical environmental factor that plants are exposed to during their life cycle, which influences geographical dis...

BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia-induced brain edema is a severe clinical event that often results in death. The mechanisms by which hypoglycemia induces brain edema are unclear. METHODS In a hypoglycemic injury model established in adult rats, brain edema was verified by measuring brain water content and visualizing water accumulation using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Temporal expression of aquap...

Little is known about the effect of prematurity on water reabsorption in the renal tubules by anti-diuretic hormone (vasopression: ADH). The purpose of this study was to assess the different mechanisms of maintaining water balance in newborn and in adult rats on ADH and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) axis. After the dehydration, the plasma ADH in newborn and adult rose 104.6% and 117.2%, respectively. In i...