BACKGROUND From birth, the functional properties of the neonatal epidermal barrier mature whereby the stratum corneum (SC) hydrates and the skin surface acidifies. The identification of a thinner infant SC compared with adults suggests underdeveloped mechanisms underlying differentiation and desquamation. OBJECTIVES To assess the functional properties of the neonatal SC from birth, in conjunc...

J ohn Snow's accomplishments in medicine, anesthesia, and epidemiology constituted an achievement that changed the face of medical practice. He conducted translational research in his home laboratory that enabled him to understand the mechanisms of vaporizing volatile anesthetic agents—ether and chloroform—so that safe delivery systems of anesthesia could be designed. He brought obstetric anest...

BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) exposure is a significant worldwide environmental health concern. Chronic exposure via contaminated drinking water has been associated with an increased incidence of a number of diseases, including reproductive and developmental effects. The goal of this study was to identify adverse outcomes in a mouse model of early life exposure to low-dose drinking water As (10 ppb, ...

BACKGROUND For women at low risk of childbirth complications, water immersion during labour is a care option in many high income countries. Our aims were (a) to describe maternal characteristics, intrapartum events, interventions, maternal and neonatal outcomes for all women who used a birthing pool during labour who either had a waterbirth or left the pool and had a landbirth, and for the subg...

background   lipoprotein lipase activity can be increased by clofibrate. clofibrate is used to reduce serum triglyceride level in adults. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of clofibrate on serum triglyceride and cholesterol level after administration of intravenous lipid in very low birth weight neonates. method in a randomized double blind placebo – controlled study, 60 very lo...

BACKGROUND Birth cohort studies provide the opportunity to advance understanding of the impact of environmental factors on childhood health and development through prospective collection of environmental samples. METHODS We evaluated the feasibility and informative value of the environmental sample collection methodology in the initial pilot phase of the National Children's Study, a planned U...

1. SUMMARY The New York State Department of Health (NYS DOH) conducted a health outcomes review for the Village of Victor because of concerns about health effects from chemicals in the Village water supply before 1990. A health outcomes review examines a particular group of people as a whole to see how it compares to a group not living in the area of concern. It cannot link an environmental exp...

Background Undernutrition is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries including Nepal. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, environmental, and maternal and child health (MCH) factors associated with objectively assessed underweight among children aged under 5 years in Ilam district of eastern Nepal. Methods A community-based cross-sectional stud...