The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (THAL) plays an important role in the regulation of NaCl and water reabsorption. In vivo studies have shown that the free radical superoxide (O) stimulates Na and water reabsorption by the kidney. However, it is not known whether O regulates transport along the nephron in general or in the THAL specifically. We hypothesized that O stimulates THAL Na...

Background/introduction High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of the brain has been increasingly used as a non-invasive treatment for essential tremor and neuropathic pain. However, artifacts arise in magnetic resonance (MR) images as a result of dielectric properties of the water bath coupler and of the tissues being investigated. As radio frequency (RF) waves enter a dielectric me...

An electromagnetic (EM) heating system is developed to achieve the rapid and uniform warming of cryopreserved biomaterials. Using the heating system, a rectangular resonant cavity is excited in TE101 mode at frequencies near 434 MHz. In experiments, a spherical phantom of biomaterial with a diameter of 36 mm is placed at the center of the cavity. The phantom is first cooled down to about -80 de...

BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to summarise what is known about human response to heat and to use this knowledge to provide guidance on how to maintain the health, comfort and performance of people in heat waves. DESIGN The use of power and especially water are critical in providing cooling. A practical method of cooling people in a water bath is described. A warm bath slowly cooled will...

We studied the effect of noninvasive radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia on the viability of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae in vitro. Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia resulted in significant (>70%, P < 0.0001) hyphal damage in a time and thermal dose-dependent fashion as assessed by XTT [(sodium 2,3,-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl] (1)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt)...

Three DNA extraction kits were used, all without preliminary procedures, then DNA extraction was preceded with freeze/thaw cycles in three versions. A lack of desired effect resulted in the application of liquid nitrogen/water bath cycles before the use of the extractions in further experiments. The effectiveness of DNA extraction was measured by PCR signal and C(T) values of real time PCR. A c...

Electrical water bath stunning is the most commonly used method for poultry stunning prior to slaughter, but has been questioned on animal welfare and product quality grounds. Controlled atmosphere stunning (CAS) methods, involving a variety of gas mixtures, have become increasingly common, at least in Europe. CAS methods have been perceived as an improvement from an animal welfare perspective,...