Studies of osmoregulation in marine and particularly fresh water elasmobranchs have been intermittently reported in the literature over the last 80 years. Although there has been significant research on elasmobranch osmoregulation, no study exists uniting the previous work into a single comprehensive report. This study examines previous research in elasmobranch osmoregulation and presents the r...

Many xeric organisms maintain water balance by relying on dietary and metabolic water rather than free water, even when free water may be available. For such organisms, hydric state may influence foraging decisions, since meal consumption is meeting both energy and water demands. To understand foraging decisions it is vital to understand the role of dietary water in maintaining water balance. W...

We previously demonstrated that mRen-2 transgenic [Tg(+)] rats are sensitive to chronic high NaCl intake, showing increased arterial pressure and vasopressin (VP) secretion. In this study, we determined the effect of a chronic osmotic challenge, 4 days of drinking 2% NaCl, on direct arterial blood pressure, heart rate, fluid-electrolyte balance, circadian rhythm of mean arterial pressure (MAP),...

The atmospheric water vapor flux divergence and certain aspects of the water balance of North America are investigated, using data from the period May 1, 1958-Apr. 30, 1963. The mean vertical distribution of flux divergence is computed for the United States for the months of January (1962, 1963) and July (1961, 1962). Strong flux convergence in the lowest kilometer and divergence in the remaind...

Lake Turkana is one of the largest desert lakes in the world and is characterized by high degrees of interand intra-annual fluctuations. The hydrology and water balance of this lake have not been well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable ground truth datasets. Managing surface water resources is a great challenge in areas where in-situ data are either limited or ...

A GIS tool to evaluate hydrogeological water balance based on a mass-balance model applied to surface and subsurface systems is discussed. The tool is designed for managers responsible for groundwater resource planning during conditions of water shortage. In developing the tool, the natural groundwater recharge was evaluated through the application of a soil water balance equation, and defined ...

Climate change information is essential for water resources management planning, and the majority of research available uses the global circulation model (GCM) data to project future water balance. Despite the fact that the results of various GCMs are still heterogeneous, it is common to utilize GCM values directly in climate change impact assessment models. To mitigate these limitations, this ...