A long-term study of four degraded streams in the upper Owens River watershed documented the recovery of riparian habitats and significant improvement in channel morphology in response to grazing strategies, recreation management, and pre-irrigation peak flows. Increased control of livestock distribution, timing of forage use and degree of forage utilization on and near stream banks was designe...

Enterococci are used to evaluate the safety of beach waters and studies have identified beach sands as a source of these bacteria. In order to study and quantify the release of microbes from beach sediments, flow column systems were built to evaluate flow of pore water out of beach sediments. Results show a peak in enterococci (average of 10% of the total microbes in core) released from the san...

A baseflow survey of 41 tributary creeks investigated the tiansport of alrazine, nilrate-nitrom chloride and sulfate in two 5,000 ha Jasper County, Iowa watersbeds. The waterskds comprise a long-tam paired shldy to evaluate the effects of largesale conversion of row nop to prairie in Walnut creek watershed compared to highly agricultural Squaw creek watershed. Discharge and chemical concentrati...

The collection of fog water is a simple and sustainable technology to obtain fresh water for afforestation, gardening, and as a drinking water source for human and animal consumption. In regions where fresh water is sparse and fog frequently occurs, it is feasible to set up a passive mesh system for fog water collection. The mesh is directly exposed to the atmosphere, and the foggy air is pushe...

Waters located at greater depths usually exhibit high mineral content, which necessitates the use of closed systems, i.e. re-injecting them into the formation after recovering the heat. This significantly reduces investment efficiency owing to the need to drill absorption wells and to perform anti-corrosion and anti-clogging procedures. In this paper, possibilities for the efficient utilisation...

One of the main problems experienced by the islanders of Lakshadweep is associated with the availability of fresh water for drinking purpose. The scarcity of fresh water is due to the peculiar hydrologic, geologic, geomorphic and demographic features. Proper understanding of the groundwater condition, in terms of availability, distribution and quality, is very important to meet the increasing d...

In a previous study (Saito et al. submitted for publication 2002), we showed that PFOS contamination in surface waters has occurred all over Japan: concentrations were found to be in the range of 0.2-157 ng/L with a geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 2.37 (4.13) (n=126), These levels were much lower than those found in the Tennessee River (Hansen et al 2002). However, we found tha...

Assessing water sources for drinking and irrigation along with community vulnerability, especially in developing and rural regions, is important for reducing risk posed by poor water quality and limited water availability and accessibility. We present a case study of rural mining-agricultural communities in the Lake Poopó Basin, one of the poorest regions on the Bolivian Altiplano. Here, relati...

The role of water pricing for managing water resources is widely recognized in many areas of the world because of the increasing scarcity of water resources, a high competition between water uses and environmental degradation. Based on the analysis of cost of water, this paper explores which types of cost should be reflected in the water pricing enhancing the sustainability of water resources. ...