The environmental context causes the use of renewable energy to increase, with aim finding alternatives fossil-based products such as fuels. Biodiesel, an alternative diesel, is now a well-developed solution, and its production from resources makes it perfectly suitable in context. In addition, biodegradable, non-toxic has low greenhouse gas emissions: reduced about 85% compared diesel. However...

Oils and lubricants, once extracted after use from a mechanical system, can hardly be reused, and should be refurbished or replaced in most applications. New methods of in situ oil and lubricant efficiency monitoring systems have been introduced for a wide variety of mechanical systems, such as automobiles, aerospace aircrafts, ships, offshore wind turbines, and deep sea oil drilling rigs. Thes...

The principal use of water by the petroleum refining industry in the United States of America is in the refining branch itself, and the present paper is concerned with problems arising from this use of water, and some of the measures being taken by the industry to solve these problems. The compilation oftheManualonDisposalof Refinery Wastes is briefly alludedto, and the importance ofrecirculati...

Glycerine (glycerol) is a polyol consisting of three carbon atoms bonded to hydroxyl groups. It by-product the transesterification triglycerides, such as animal fats, vegetable oils, or used cooking oils during biodiesel production process. Crude glycerine subject purification processes resulting in distilled containing at least 99.5% glycerol. Currently, produced high-quality food, pharmaceuti...

Oily sludge is one of the most significant solid wastes generated in the petroleum industry. It is a complex emulsion of various petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), water, heavy metals, and solid particles. Due to its hazardous nature and increased generation quantities around the world, the effective treatment of oily sludge has attracted widespread attention. In this review, the origin, characteri...