We study aggregation as a mechanism for the creation of complex networks. In this evolution process vertices merge together, which increases a number of highly connected hubs. We study a range of complex network architectures produced by the aggregation. Fat-tailed (in particular, scale-free) distributions of connections are obtained for both networks with a finite number of vertices and growin...

Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) was initially characterized as a degenerative process (disorder) because of a tendency to describe any disorder that was not well understood and often occurred in the ‘elderly’ as degenerative. In the last ‘15–20’ years, the observation of the presence of risk factors for arterial atherosclerosis in patients with calcific AS, the production of aortic valve calcific...

The question whether evolution is blind is usually presented as a choice between no goals at all ('the blind watchmaker') and long-term goals which would be external to the organism, for example in the form of special creation or intelligent design. The arguments either way do not address the question whether there are short-term goals within rather than external to organisms. Organisms and the...

Such genericity is a feature of entire sentences (or at least of entire clauses), and is not attributable to any subpart of the sentence, such as to the subject noun phrase or to the verb phrase. It is instead somehow an interaction between the two. This sets it apart from another type of genericity, which is attributed to the noun phrase’s referring to an abstract genus (or kind) and not as ma...