objective: martynia annua l. (m. annua), (martyniaccae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy, sore throat and inflammatory disorders. the leaf paste is used topically on tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands and wounds of domestic animals. tephrosia purpurea (t. purpurea), (fabaceae) has been used traditionally as a remedy for asthma, gonorrhea, rheumatism and ulcers. this st...

The study sought to understand better how people come to believe they have been exposed to biological and chemical warfare. We conducted telephone interviews with 1,009 American veterans (65% response rate) deployed and not deployed to the Gulf War, a conflict during which there were credible threats that such warfare could be used. Only 6% of non-Gulf War veterans reported exposure to biologic...

By the 1990s, 9 of 10 people who died in war from direct and indirect effects were civilians. Bombs and weapons of modern war kill and maim civilian women in equal numbers to civilian men. A unique harm of war for women is the trauma inflicted in military brothels, rape camps, and the growing sex trafficking for prostitution and by increased domestic violence, all of which is fueled by the cult...

During the past century, wartime surgical experience and military medical research, principally that conducted in the U.S. Army Medical Corps and the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine during both war and peace, have combined to improve combat casualty care. Many of those advances have had direct application to civilian trauma care. Conversely, advances in technology and patient care in the civilian ...

An exaggerated response to emotional stimuli is one of the several symptoms widely reported by veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Many have attributed these symptoms to post-war stress; others have attributed the symptoms to deployment-related exposures and associated damage to cholinergic, dopaminergic, and white matter systems. We collected event-related potential (ERP) data from 20 veter...

war and war-related concepts constitute a considerable portion of key words in political literature and strategic-security studies. apart from its theoretical significance, war is a palpable term for the individuals and political players. it is a serious threat to humanity that has been paid due attention in the course of history by the political philosophers, strategists and even ordinary peop...

All figures and tables included in this chapter have been used with permission from Pelagique, LLC, the UCLA Center for International Medicine, and/or the authors, unless otherwise noted. Use of imagery from the Defense Imagery Management Operations Center (DIMOC) does not imply or constitute Department of Defense (DOD) endorsement of this company, its products, or services. Disclaimer The opin...

Many U.S. Gulf War-era veterans complained of poor cognition following the war. This study assessed neuropsychological functioning in veterans 10 years after the war through objective tests. 2189 Gulf War-era veterans (1061 deployed, 1128 non-deployed) were examined at 1 of 16 U.S. Veterans Affairs medical centers. Outcomes included neuropsychological domains derived from factor analysis and in...

The Gulf War Illnesses story points at a particular public health problem of our time – how to convey complicated information to the public in an acceptable and understandable way. For public health, it is of crucial importance to present and communicate the truth, which always goes hand in hand with some degree of uncertainty. The responsibility of public health professionals and other physici...