Two Party Immediate Response Disputes (TPI-disputes) are one class of dialogue or argument game in which the protagonists take turns producing counter arguments to the ‘most recent’ argument advanced by their opponent. Argument games have been found useful as a means of modelling dialectical discourse and in providing semantic bases for proof theoretic aspects of reasoning. In this article we c...

Since its inception in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has arbitrated trade disputes between its members in part by deciding whether unilateral actions by its 134 member nations such as trade bans or restrictions violate international free trade rules and authorizing penalties against members that are found to be noncompliant with such rules. The WTO is criticized by those who believe ...

Networked systems are the driving force of modern business and commerce, underpinned by ideas such as agile enterprises, holonic manufacturing, and dynamic real-time supply chains. On occasions, the system operation will be sub-optimal or non-ideal, and disputes will occur between independent partners. It may be undesirable to resolve such disputes by recourse to law; preferably, the parties in...

Two–Party Immediate Response Disputes (TPI-disputes) are a dialogue game formalism providing a sound and complete proof scheme for credulous reasoning in argument systems. In earlier work it has been shown that this dialogue protocol can be interpreted as a proof calculus with which to establish unsatisfiability of propositional formula presented in CNF, and that viewed thus, the number of ‘mov...

In conditions of concentrated review, the specificity constitutional proceedings leads to a limitation limits maneuvers provided participants in judicial process. Although subjects process can be defined as real parties, their function remains limited. The existence dispute explains and justifies development an adversarial procedure that imitates general principles procedural law applied ordina...