Selective activation of neuronal functions by Ca(2+) is determined by the kinetic profile of the intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) signal in addition to its amplitude. Concurrent electrophysiology and ratiometric calcium imaging were used to measure transmembrane Ca(2+) current and the resulting rise and decay of [Ca(2+)](i) in differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. We show that equal ...

Selective activation of neuronal functions by Ca is determined by the kinetic profile of the intracellular calcium ([Ca]i) signal, in addition to its amplitude. Concurrent electrophysiology and ratiometric calcium imaging were used to measure transmembrane Ca current and the resulting rise and decay of [Ca]i in differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. We show that equal amounts of Ca enter...

The dynamic lift response of an airfoil to sinusoidal amplitude variations from a synthetic jet actuator was studied. The wing was at a fixed angle of attack, and the actuator operated in a ‘burst-mode’ with a fixed duty cycle. The actuator burst amplitude was used as a control signal, which was varied between an ‘off’ condition and the actuator saturation voltage. Three dimensionless frequenci...

Na(V)1.5 is a mechanosensitive voltage-gated Na(+) channel encoded by the gene SCN5A, expressed in cardiac myocytes and required for phase 0 of the cardiac action potential (AP). In the cardiomyocyte, ranolazine inhibits depolarizing Na(+) current and delayed rectifier (I(Kr)) currents. Recently, ranolazine was also shown to be an inhibitor of Na(V)1.5 mechanosensitivity. Stretch also accelerat...

2,5-Di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (TBQ) is a reversible inhibitor of SERCA, potentially making it a useful tool to study the effects of SERCA inhibition in cardiac cells. However, it is unknown if TBQ also has effects on other components of ventricular Ca handling. The aim of these experiments was to characterise the effects of TBQ on Ca handling in rat ventricular myocytes and assess i...

The electrophysiology of conduction delay was investigated in the semiisolated right bundle branch of 30 large mongrel dogs. Delay was produced by the external application of an electric blocking current to the bundle branch. Multiple recordings with glass capillary microelectrodes revealed two basic deflections associated with the delay phenomenon. An initial, or leading, deflection originated...

Connexin40 (Cx40) is abundantly expressed in the atrial myocardium, ventricular conduction system, and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the mammalian cardiovascular system. Rapid conduction through cardiac tissues depends on electrotonic transfer of the action potential between neighboring cells. To determine whether transjunctional voltages (Vj) elicited by an action potential c...

The L-type calcium current (ICa-L) was studied in single ferret ventricular myocytes using whole-cell recording with single patch pipettes. Voltage-clamp experiments were performed at room temperature with internal and external Na(+)- and K(+)-free Tyrode solutions in order to isolate ICa-L. For depolarizing steps eliciting small ICa-L the decay of the current is best described by one exponenti...

Changes in the voltage clamp currents of squid giant axons wrought by low axoplasmic TEA+ (tetraethylammonium chloride) concentrations (0.3 mM and above) are described. They are: (a) For positive steps from the resting potential in sea water, the K+ current increases, decreases, then increases, instead of increasing monotonically. (b) For positive steps from the resting potential in 440 mM exte...

Low-frequency noise is a significant limitation on the performance of nanoscale electronic devices. This limitation is especially important for devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which have atomically thin bodies and, hence, are severely affected by surface contaminants. Here, we investigate the low-frequency noise of tr...