background endophytic fungi, which have been reported in numerous plant species, are important components of the forest community and contribute significantly to the diversity of natural ecosystems. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate and characterize, at the molecular level, the diversity and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants in saudi arabia. materia...

a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mycorrhial fungus (glomus mosseae) on cadmium (cd) toxicity in pepper (capsicum annuum l. cv. zhongjiao 105) plants. half of plants were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). cd was supplied in the form of cadmium chloride at 0.0, 0.1 and 0.5 mm through irrigation water in the soil. mycorrhizal colonization was hi...

Desiccation-tolerance (DT) evolved as the key solution to survival on land by the early algal ancestors of terrestrial plants. This 'first' DT involved utilizing rapidly mobilisable repair mechanisms and is still found today in mosses, such as Tortula ruralis, and ferns, such as Mohria caffrorum. The first seed plants lost vegetative DT while investing their seeds with tolerance mechanisms impr...

calendula (calendula officinalis) is relatively cold tolerant plant, but in some years plant seriously injured due to harsh winter. in order to evaluate freezing tolerance of calendula an experiment was carried out at college of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhadin a factorial-completely randomized design with three replications and plants of two sowing dates (summer and autumn) were e...

Ditylenchus dipsaci-infected and noninfected alfalfa plants in a naturally infested field were studied from July 1980 to September 1982. Forty-one percent of the plants died during the study. Ninety-seven percent of the plants that died were infected with D. dipsaci. Sixty-nine percent of the observed mortality occurred during winter. Forage yield of infected plants was significantly lower than...

background free radicals are known as atoms and molecules which are highly reactive with the body’s single-electrons, and may cause irrecoverable damages to the macromolecules of organisms. systems to deal with damages caused by free radicals are known as “antioxidant immune systems”. flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds are from non-enzymatic antioxidants which many nutritional compounds cont...

Electricity generation in thermal power plants as the largest producer of electricity in Iran is associated with greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, using the Malmquist-Luenberger method, green productivity, and efficiency changes are measured for 31 thermal power plants (including 12 steam power plants, 13 gas power plants, and six combined cycle power plants) during 2009-2016. The result...

mastitis is one of the most costly diseases in the dairy industry. the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis leads to bacterial resistance and health problems for consumers. this study aimed to determine the antibacterial properties of essential oil of thymus vulgaris on the bacteria staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and staphylococcus were agalactia. antibacterial properties of...

over the past two decades, the role of intellectual property rights in all areas of science and technology has exploded globally– primarily due to the rules prescribed by the world trade organization’s trips and by bilateral/regional trade agreements. the trips agreement obligates all wto member countries to adopt and enforce minimum standards of intellectual property rights. the trips agreemen...