The essential oil from the dried leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components were α-pinene (42.2%), β-pinene (10.6%), germacrene D (9.7%), β-copaen-4α-ol (9.4%), (E)caryophyllene (5.4%), and geijerene/pregeijerene (7.5%). The oil was screened for antimicrobial activity...

The Materia Medica works of Rhazes, (vol2 of Canon), Al-Biruni (Kitab as -Saidana), Abu Mansur (Haqaiq al-Adwiya), Gorgani (Vol 9 and 10 of Zahira-e-Harazmsahi), Ansari Shirazi (Ihtiyarat-e-Bdi i), Hakim Mu min (Tuhfa) and Aqili Hurasani (Aqrabuzin-e Kabir) and others are the most important works of Islamic and Iranian physicians on Natural Drugs. The systematic pharmacognostical, pharmacologic...

1. We evaluated the potential for three species of deciduous-forest herbs to exploit seasonal periods of direct irradiance. In particular, we investigated the importance of photosynthetic acclimation as a mechanism for shade-tolerant herbs to utilize direct light reaching the forest floor before canopy expansion in the spring and after canopy leaf drop in the autumn. 2. We measured the photosyn...

Spanish Cedar (Cedrela odorata L.) is a globally important timber species which has been severely exploited in Mesoamerica for over 200 years. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms, its chloroplast (cp) DNA phylogeography was studied in Mesoamerica with samples from 29 populations in six countries. Five haplotypes were characterized, phylogenetically grouped ...

The Materia Medica works of Rhazes, (vol2 of Canon), Al-Biruni (Kitab as -Saidana), Abu Mansur (Haqaiq al-Adwiya), Gorgani (Vol 9 and 10 of Zahira-e-Harazmsahi), Ansari Shirazi (Ihtiyarat-e-Bdi i), Hakim Mu min (Tuhfa) and Aqili Hurasani (Aqrabuzin-e Kabir) and others are the most important works of Islamic and Iranian physicians on Natural Drugs. The systematic pharmacognostical, pharmacologic...

One of the controversial topics in cancer research and its clinical approach is the influence of biopsy on the possibility of tumor spread and metastasis that seems to be a new issue in medical knowledge (1-2), but Avicenna in more than a thousand years ago (980–1037 AD) in his book (Cannon of medicine) has been connoting on this subject (3). According to the Avicenna opinion, cancer is describ...

Annonaceae (custard-apple family) canang odorant (French); chiráng, irang (Palau); derangerang, derangirang (Nauru); ilahnglahng, ilanlang (Kosrae); ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Guam, CNMI); ilangilang, lengileng, alangilang, pur-n-wai, pwurenwai, seir en wai (Pohnpei); ilanilan (Marshall Islands); lanalana (Hawai‘i); makosoi, mokohoi, makasui, mokosoi (Fiji); mohokoi (Tonga); moso‘oi (Samoa); mot...