Whereas cholesterol accounts for more than 90-95% of the sterols in bile, bile acids and their salts are the most important solutes; they are essential in the management of cholesterol levels and themselves help determine the extent of bile flow. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. There are three groups. Primary bile acids, in humans mainly cholic and chenodeoxycholic aci...

Energetic salts based on dipicrylamine and its amino derivative were synthesized. All salts were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (13)C), vibrational spectroscopy (IR), and elemental analysis. Ethylenediammonium di-DPA (DPA=dipicrylamine) and 1,3-diaminoguanidinium DPA were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These salts exhibit reasonable physical ...

It has been known that the addition of bile salts to lecithin organosols induces the formation of reverse wormlike micelles and that the worms are similar to long polymer chains that entangle each other to form viscoelastic solutions. In this study, we further investigated the effects of different bile salts and bile acids on the growth of lecithin reverse worms in cyclohexane and n-decane. We ...

This study was performed to investigate whether the malabsorption of fat in the blind loop syndrome is due to the presence of free bile acids or to a deficiency of conjugated bile salts produced by bacterial degradation of normal bile salts, as well as to learn something of the mechanisms by which bile salts might regulate fat absorption. In the everted gut sac of the rat in vitro, conjugated b...

Prion diseases are associated with the conversion of cellular prion protein, PrPC, into a misfolded oligomeric form, PrPSc. Previous studies indicate that salts promote conformational conversion of the recombinant prion protein into a PrPSc-like form. To gain insight into the mechanism of this effect, here we have studied the influence of a number of salts (sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride, sodi...

Colonization of a human host with a commensal microbiota has a complex interaction in which bacterial communities provide numerous health benefits to the host. An equilibrium between host and microbiota is kept in check with the help of biliary secretions by the host. Bile, composed primarily of bile salts, promotes digestion. It also provides a barrier between host and bacteria. After bile sal...

In two previous papers, the writer described the effects of acids, alkalies, and salts,’ and the effects of combinations of salts with acids and alkalies* on the precipitation of gelatin by alcohol. In a preliminary paper,” a brief account was given of antagonism observed between different salts in gelatin, these results being of particular interest to the biologist from the point of view of th...

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Most of the probiotic bacteria currently available in the market belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and specific health-promoting activities, such as treatment of diarrhea or amelioration of gastrointestinal discomfort, have been attributed to them. In order t...

Total mixed rations containing 31 or 25% NDF were supplemented with 0 or .5 kg/cow per d Ca salts of fatty acids to study the effect of adding Ca salts of fatty acids to diets that differed in NDF content. Rations were fed for ad libitum intake to 12 early to midlactation Holstein cows in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. No significant int...

Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC), a relatively hydrophilic bile salt, reduces disruption of cholesterol-rich membranes by more hydrophobic bile salts such as taurocholate (TC), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC), or taurodeoxycholate (TDC). We examined the interactions of these bile salts in adsorption to large unilamellar vesicles to determine whether TUDC may stabilize membranes by preventing adsorpti...