Several measurements of vertical ground motion at Pition Flat Observatory, California, indicate the overall weakness and instability of the Earth's weathered surface with respect to the underlying rock. Cumulative long-period motions of order 0.5 mm per year dominate these records, though smaller elastic deformations caused by precipitation loading, atmospheric loading, and tidal strains are ev...

conclusions the most relevant finding was that hook pinning in pauwels type iii fracture may result in delayed :union: or non:union: due to significantly increased stress of a traction force at the fracture site that works to displace the fracture. however, in a pauwels type i fracture, increased compression stress contributes to stabilize it. surgeons are recommended not to treat pauwels type ...

BACKGROUND Evidence of 24-months survival in the frame of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) cascade-care is scare from routine programs in sub-Saharan African (SSA) settings. Specifically, data on infant outcomes according to feeding options remain largely unknown by month-24, thus limiting its breath for public-health recommendations toward eliminating new pediatric HIV-1 infe...

field observations of the incurred damages to the buildings and bridges due to earthquakes in near field show there are various failure modes which are in relation to the forces caused by vertical component. while vertical component of earthquake for ordinary buildings in most seismic regulations and standards is not considered. therefore, in the current study the effects of vertical and horizo...

BACKGROUND As the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) approaches its 2020 goal, an increasing number of districts will enter the endgame phase where drug coverage rates from mass drug administration (MDA) are used to assess whether MDA can be stopped. As reported, the gap between reported and actual drug coverage in some contexts has overestimated the true rates, thus causin...

BACKGROUND Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have been scaled up for malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are few studies on the benefit of implementing IRS in areas with moderate to high coverage of ITNs. We evaluated the impact of an IRS program on malaria related outcomes in western Kenya, an area of intense perennial malaria transmission ...

A new method for the efficient solution of free material optimization problems is introduced. The method extends the sequential convex programming (SCP) concept to a class of optimization problems with matrix variables. The basic idea of the new method is to approximate the original optimization problem by a sequence of sub-problems, in which nonlinear functions (defined in matrix variables) ar...

BACKGROUND Histopathological examinations and computed tomographic scans of the temporal bone in patients with the CHARGE association (a malformative syndrome that includes coloboma, heart disease, choanal atresia, retarded development, genital hypoplasia, and ear anomalies, including hypoplasia of the external ear and hearing loss) have shown an absence of semicircular canals and a Mondini for...

A new approach for ranking fuzzy numbers based on a distance measure is introduced. A new class of distance measures for interval numbers that takes into account all the points in both intervals is developed -rst, and then it is used to formulate the distance measure for fuzzy numbers. The approach is illustrated by numerical examples, showing that it overcomes several shortcomings such as the ...