We propose a simple method for the determination of liquid-crystal (LC) polar anchoring energy by electrical measurements. The basic idea of this method is a two-channel scheme for capacitance measurements. The first channel uses one cell with a planar LC cell, while the second a LC cell with vertical alignment. One of the LC cells can have a high pretilt angle. The proposed method allows inves...

Received April 27, 2012 Revised May 14, 2012 Accepted May 26, 2012 Application of symmetric double gate vertical metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is hindered by the parasitic overlap capacitance associated with their layout, which is considerably larger than for a lateral MOSFET on the same technology node. A simple process simulation has been developed to reduce the...

By convention, the ocean’s large-scale circulation is assumed to be a thermohaline overturning driven by the addition and extraction of buoyancy at the surface and vertical mixing in the interior. Previous work suggests that the overturning should die out as vertical mixing rates are reduced to zero. In this paper, a formal energy analysis is applied to a series of ocean general circulation mod...

This study investigated heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of ferrofluid along a vertical channel. The channel with non-uniform wall temperatures was taken in a vertical direction with transverse magnetic field. Water with nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) was selected as a conventional base fluid. In addition, non-magnetic (Al2O3) aluminium oxide nanoparticles we...

This paper considers vertical price relationships between wholesalers and retailers on five local maize markets in Benin. We show that if the common factor and the long-run disequilibrium error are not explicitly taken into account in testing the channel model, one can easily be wrong about how restrictions on the error-correction structure must be interpreted in terms of economic power in the ...

A new robust channel router, with very simple heuristics, is being introduced. It is able to handle two-layer channels, three-layer channels with two horizontal layers and one vertical layer (HVH), and three-layer channels with two vertical layers and one horizontal layer 0. This router uses the horizontal layers only for horizontal wires, and the vertical layers only for vertical wires. It is ...

Steady state experiments have been conducted for natural and mixed convection heat transfer, from five different sized protruding discrete heat sources, placed at the bottom position on a PCB and mounted on a vertical channel. The characteristic length ( Lh ) of heat sources vary from 0.005 to 0.011 m. The study has been done for different range of Reynolds number and modified Grashof number. F...

As an add-on device option for the ultra-low power CMOS technology, the double-gated vertical-channel Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) of different source configurations are comparatively studied from the perspectives of fabrication and current drivability. While the Top-Source design where the source of the device is placed on the top of the fin makes the fabrication and source engineer...

Silicon-based switching devices have reached the theoretical limitations for high power and high temperature applications whereas silicon carbide (SiC) has emerged as an alternate material system to overcome the limitations and can be used in extreme environment. In this paper, a vertical DIMOS transistor structure, a switching device in 4H-SiC material system, is presented. The model takes int...

Generally, the color filter array (CFA) image is interpolated considering the correlation between color channels. Previous works first interpolate the green (G) signal, and then obtain the differences between theR/B signal and the reference signal (the initial interpolated G signal). To determine the direction of interpolation, the proposedmethod computes the horizontal/vertical absolute inter-...