PURPOSE To report the effectiveness of home-based pencil push-ups (HBPP) therapy for patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. METHODS Data was collected prospectively on 16 patients who were diagnosed with convergence insufficiency beginning in January 2009. The study group was composed of ten male and six female patients. The duration of symptoms, refractive error, distant and ne...

PURPOSE To assess the validity and reliability of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in children aged 9 to 18 years. The CISS is the primary outcome measure for a pilot study evaluating two different treatments for convergence insufficiency (CI). METHODS Children with CI were given the CISS twice to assess reliability. CISS scores for the first administration were also compar...

The majority of patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss have peripheral vestibulocochlear disorders such as sudden deafness or Meniere’s disease. However, ischemia of the vertebrobasilar artery can also cause vestibulocochlear symptoms such as sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo [1]. The vertebrobasilar artery supplies the inner ear, brainstem, and cerebellum. Ischemia of the vertebro...

OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus Ligustrazine on vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) by transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography. METHODS 86 VBI patients including 56 cases of low flow rate velocity type (LFVT) and 30 cases of high flow velocity type (HFVT) were randomly divided into Ligustrazine group (26 LFRT and 14 HFVT) and acupuncture plus Ligustrazine group (...

Transient visual loss due to cerebro-ocular vascular disease is a common symptom. The purpose of this paper is to present a unified terminology of the monocular vs. binocular or homonymous types. Lack of proper identification may lead to mis-diagnosis and improper management of these entities. Monocular blurred vision must be investigated since its origin is so commonly due to atherosclerosis o...

PURPOSE To provide a current perspective on the management of convergence insufficiency (CI) in children by summarizing the findings and discussing the clinical implications from three recent randomized clinical trials in which we evaluated various treatments for children with symptomatic CI. We then present an evidence-based treatment approach for symptomatic CI based on the results of these t...

Of 59 cases of vertebrobasilar junction aneurysms diagnosed and treated from January 1977 to April 1986, 21 (35.5%) saccular aneurysms arose in a fenestration of the proximal basilar artery. Defects of the media at the junctures of the fenestrated segments, as well as the possible presence of turbulent flow at the vertebrobasilar junction, may explain the high incidence of vertebrobasilar aneur...

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of stent-assistant angioplasty (SAA) in the treatment of symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis in the elderly. METHODS SAA was performed in 26 elderly patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis. The success rate, perioperative complications, and long-term effectiveness were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 29 balloon...