The purpose of this study was to characterize wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system (WTORS) usage in paratransit vehicles based on observations of wheelchair and scooter (wheeled mobility devices, collectively, "WhMD") passenger trips. A retrospective review of on-board video monitoring recordings of WhMD trips was conducted. Four hundred seventy-five video recordings were collected ...

This paper presents a comprehensive steady-state numerical study for an occupant-loaded vehicle seat with internal heating under severe winter conditions. A participant-based postural study showed that the nominal peak occupant seat pressure was 6kPa on the seat cushion, and 2.5kPa on the backrest. Uni-axial compression tests also indicated non-linear stress-strain behaviors in seating. Using a...

The objective of this presentation is to discuss certain biomechanical aspects of head injuries due to blunt and penetrating impacts. Emphasis is given to fundamental data leading to injury criteria used in the United States (US) regulations for motor vehicle safety. Full-scale and component tests done under US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) are described. In addition, results p...

Low severity rear vehicle impacts can cause Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) which is one of the most common traumas leading to permanent medical impairment. Therefore, new vehicles are being equipped with anti‐whiplash systems. Those systems are rated in consumer tests such as the Euro NCAP, evaluating loads on a dummy based on a 50th percentile male in one seat con...

Longitudinal barriers, such as guardrails, are designed to prevent a vehicle that leaves the roadway from impacting a more dangerous object while minimizing risk of injury to the vehicle occupants. Current full-scale test procedures for these devices do not consider the effect of occupant restraints such as seat belts and airbags. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which r...

The research is based on the cabin crash of commercial vehicles and safety occupant. Several norms were implemented by government for occupant in vehicle, these focus structural strength its energy absorption capacity to ensure minimum damage light-duty trucks also known as economic wheels India are widely used transportation purposes through roads. These very risky during frontal collisions wh...

In a laboratory crash test, the injuries of occupants, such as Head Injure Criterion (HIC), Nij, Combined Thorax Index (CTI) etc., can be obtained and transferred to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The calculated AIS value usually represents the severity of injury and can be adopted to evaluate the safety of the test vehicle. However, the AIS cannot reflect the medical resources consumed du...

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has concluded that there is a relationship between roof intrusion and the risk of injury to belted occupants in rollovers events. Previous testing on many different production vehicle types indicates that damage consistent with field rollover accidents can be achieved through inverted drop testing from small drop heights. It has been shown in p...

This paper introduces a microscopic simulation method to investigate the operational effects of allowing single occupant hybrid vehicles and or toll-paying single occupant vehicles into HOV lanes. The demand methodology is based on disaggregate stated and revealed preference vehicle purchase models, and includes a flexible aggregation method for converting the household level predictions to agg...