Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) such as malaria, dengue, and leishmaniasis cause a high level of morbidity and mortality. Although vector control tools can play a major role in controlling and eliminating these diseases, in many cases the evidence base for assessing the efficacy of vector control interventions is limited or not available. Studies assessing the efficacy of vector control interventi...

The main areas of work being covered by the Work Stream are: 1. Developing testing guidelines for new VC paradigms: • The Work Stream is working closely with (External Scientific Advisory Committee) ESAC3 of IVCC and WHO on issues related to the development of new vector control interventions, including draft testing guidelines. • The Work Stream aims to develop with IVCC a similar working rela...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) offer the ability to significantly reduce fuel consumptions and emission. Management of energy is one of essential elements in the implementation of HEV. The parameters of HEV control strategy are always optimized on some one standardized driving cycle, but the different city has its own driving cycle. So the great advantage of parallel HEV is limited. This paper ...

background: the cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has been occurred in dehbakri county, located 46 km of bam dis­trict, kerman province since 2004–2005. phlebotomus papatasi is an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmanisis (zcl) as well as sand fly fever and p. sergenti is considered as main vector of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in iran. there are several measures for vector...