Zipf's law is the most common statistical distribution displaying scaling behavior. Cities, populations or firms are just examples of this seemingly universal law. Although many different models have been proposed, no general theoretical explanation has been shown to exist for its universality. Here, we show that Zipf's law is, in fact, an inevitable outcome of a very general class of stochasti...

, i.e. just above the dissociation threshold, was carefully examined. Rotational distribution observed was compared with statistical one calculated by phase space theory. Two distinct types of rotational distributions were found; one of them exhibits non-statistical distribution while the other is statistical one expected by phase space theory. In the case that a vibronic energy of the initial ...

objective(s):organic anion transporter polypeptide 1b1 (oatp1b1) encoded by solute carrier organic transporter 1b1 (slco1b1) gene; a transporter involved in the uptake of drugs and endogenous compounds is present in hepatocyte sinusoidal membrane. aim of this study was to investigate the frequencies of functionally significant snps (388a>g and 521t>c) and their haplotypes in 6 ethnic groups of ...

It has been suggested recently that ‘q-exponential’ distributions which form the basis of Tsallis’ non-extensive thermostatistical formalism may be viewed as mixtures of exponential (Gibbs) distributions characterized by a fluctuating inverse temperature. In this paper, we revisit this idea in connection with a detailed microscopic calculation of the energy and temperature fluctuations present ...

Simulated and parallel tempering are families of Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms where a temperature parameter is varied during the simulation to overcome bottlenecks to convergence due to multimodality. In this work we introduce and analyze the convergence for a set of new tempering distributions which we call entropy dampening. For asymmetric exponential distributions and the mean field I...

In situ measurements of plasma properties during gas-condensation of Cu nanoparticles" (2016). Since the mean, standard deviation, and modality of nanoparticle size distributions can vary greatly between similar input conditions (e.g., power and gas flow rate), plasma diagnostics were carried out in situ using a double-sided, planar Langmuir probe to determine the effect the plasma has on the h...

Posterior distributions for the joint projections of future temperature and precipitation trends and changes are derived by applying a Bayesian hierachical model to a rich data set of simulated climate from general circulation models. The simulations that are analysed here constitute the future projections on which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change based its recent summary report on...

In the present paper, an axisymmetric two-dimensional model for powder mixed electric discharge machining (PMEDM) has been developed using the finite element method (FEM). The model utilizes the several important aspects such as temperaturesensitive material properties, shape and size of heat source (Gaussian heat distribution), percentage distribution of heat among tool, workpiece and dielectr...

The present paper investigates the combined effects of Soret and Dufour on free convective heat and mass transfer on the unsteady one-dimensional boundary layer flow over a vertical channel in the presence of viscous dissipation and constant suction. The governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using the implicit Crank-Nicolson method. The velocity, temperature, and conce...

We present numerical results on the temperature dependence of the distribution of bubble lengths in DNA segments of various guanine-cytosine (GC) concentrations. Base-pair openings are described by the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model and the corresponding thermal equilibrium distributions of bubbles are obtained through Monte Carlo calculations for bubble sizes up to the order of a hundred base pa...