The thermomechanical buckling of simply supported thin shallow spherical shells made of functionally graded material is presented in this paper. A metal-ceramic functionally graded shell with a power law distribution for volume fraction is considered, where its properties vary gradually through the shell thickness direction from pure metal on the inner surface to pure ceramic on the outer surfa...

We study the quantum integrability of nonsimply–laced affine Toda theories defined on the half–plane and explicitly construct the first nontrivial higher–spin charges in specific examples. We find that, in contradistinction to the classical case, addition of total derivative terms to the ”bulk” current plays a relevant role for the quantum boundary conservation. IFUM–518–FT October 1995 Two–dim...

Thermodynamics plays an important role in gravitational theories. It is a principle independent of the dynamics, and there still no rigorous proof to show that it consistent with dynamical principle. We consider self-gravitating perfect fluid system general diffeomorphism-covariant purely theory. Based on Noether charge method proposed by Iyer Wald, considering static off/on-shell variational c...

in order to implement an integrated optical quantum circuit, designing waveguides based on the quantum box is of prime importance. to do this we have investigated optical waveguide both with and without optical pumping. the rate of absorption and emission using an array of algaas/gaas quantum box core/shell structure in the optical waveguide with various pumping intensities has computed. by con...