Background: The alteration of Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels is the subject of controversy in pleural effusions caused by malignancy, a situation that favors a Th2 immune response. Objective: To examine the different levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), and IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Th1 cytokines) in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Method: The cytokine levels in pleural fl...

The B16 melanoma-derived low lung-colonizing variant B16F1 and the high lung-colonizing variant B16-F10 retained their differential lung-colonizing abilities throughout at least 35 serial s.c. transplant generations. The majority of the cells originating from solid B16-F1 tumors had a higher density than did cells originating from solid B16-F10 tumors. Cell suspensions of unselected solid 816 m...

Much thought has been given to the individual-level traits that may make a species a successful colonizer. However, these traits have proven to be weak predictors of colonization success. Here, we test whether population-level characteristics, specifically genetic diversity and population density, can influence colonization ability on a short-term ecological timescale, independent of longer-ter...

Computed tomography was used to determine the vertical gradient of physical density in peripheral lung tissue of 12 healthy supine subjects, at total lung capacity and residual volume. At total lung capacity the mean (SD) density of peripheral lung tissue at the level of the mid right atrium was 0.0715 (0.017) g/cm3 and the vertical gradient of density was slight. At residual volume the density...

It is known that one-dimensional Dirac systems with potentials q which tend to −∞ (or ∞) at infinity, such that 1/q is of bounded variation, have a purely absolutely continuous spectrum covering the whole real line. We show that, for the system on a half-line, there are no local maxima of the spectral density (points of spectral concentration) above some value of the spectral parameter if q sat...

Individual animals differ in the way they cope with challenges in their environment, comparable with variation in human personalities. The proximate basis of variation in personality traits has received considerable attention, and one general finding is that personality traits have a substantial genetic basis. This poses the question of how variation in personality is maintained in natural popu...

The consistency of regional lung density measurements as estimated by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), in eleven patients supported by a mechanical ventilator, was validated to verify the feasibility of its use in intensive care medicine. There were significant differences in regional lung densities between the normal lung and diseased lungs associated with pneumonia, atelectasis and pleu...

the main factor affecting the economics of foam-assisted water alternative gas (fawag) process isthe loss of foaming agent by adsorption onto reservoir rocks. in this study, the effects of phases,surfactant concentration, salinity, adsorbents, and sacrificial agent on adsorption density wereinvestigated by special adsorption experiments. moreover, a series of fawag tests were performedto examin...