An ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) can assemble on prefabricated carboxylic acid-terminated chemical patterns on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film. The chemical pattern controls the position, shape and size of the IL on the surface. After the IL assembly - by incubating IL drops assembled on sample surface in an OTS silane vapor - an OTS layer was coated on ...

Accurate prediction of warm-season convective rainfall has remained a challenging problem in the United States. At present, the quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) skill associated with these warmseason systems is still very low (Fritsch and Carbone 2004). It is an essential step to improve the QPF skill by improving the knowledge of the timing, location and intensity of convective ini...

Silicon/zinc oxide (Si/ZnO) core-shell nanowires (NWs) were prepared on a p-type Si(111) substrate using a two-step growth process. First, indium seed-coated Si NWs (In/Si NWs) were synthesized using a plasma-assisted hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique. This was then followed by the growth of a ZnO nanostructure shell layer using a vapor transport and condensation method. By varying t...

An investigation of the statistical description of binary mixing and/or reaction between a carrier gas and an evaporated vapor spccics in two-phase gas-liquid turbulent flows is performed through both theoretical analysis and comparisons with results from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a two-phase mixing layer. Jn particular, the validity and added complications of extending single-point...

Anthropogenic elemental mercury (Hg(0)) emission is a serious worldwide environmental problem due to the extreme toxicity of the heavy metal to humans, plants and wildlife. Development of an accurate and cheap microsensor based online monitoring system which can be integrated as part of Hg(0) removal and control processes in industry is still a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate that forming...

The structures of three different equimolar binary ionic liquid mixtures and their liquid-vapor interface have been studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Two of these binary mixtures were composed of a common cation 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and varying anions (chloride and hexafluorophosphate in one of the mixtures and chloride and trifluoromethanesulfonate in the other) ...

it was difficult to obtain directly in a single experiment films of exactly 0.1-mm. thickness, several films were selected so that the thickness of each film might be distributed in a range from 0.05 to 0.4 mm. and the respective water vapor permeability was measured at various humidity conditions. Plotting the relationship between permeation resistance (l/Q) and film thickness (I) gave a strai...

Remote wssing of tropospheric water vapor profiles from current geostaticmary writher satellites are made using a few broadband infrared (IR) channels in the 6-13-pn~ region. Uncerminties greater than 21N0 exist in derived water vapor values just above the surface from the IR emission measurements. [n this paper, we propose three near-[R channels. one within the O.94-jMr1 water vapor band absor...

Graphenes with varying number of layers can be synthesized by using different strategies. Thus, single-layer graphene is prepared by micromechanical cleavage, reduction of single-layer graphene oxide, chemical vapor deposition and other methods. Few-layer graphenes are synthesized by conversion of nanodiamond, arc discharge of graphite and other methods. In this article, we briefly overview the...