This study introduces the application of Harmony Search (HS) method for solving the parameter estimation problem in vapor-liquid equilibrium data modeling. The performance of this novel stochastic optimization strategy has been tested using several sets of binary vaporliquid equilibrium data with local composition models and the classical approach of least squares. Our results indicate that HS ...

Using ethanol as the carbon source, self-limiting growth of AB-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) has been achieved on Cu via an equilibrium chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. We found that during this alcohol catalytic CVD (ACCVD) a source-gas pressure range exists to break the self-limitation of monolayer graphene on Cu, and at a certain equilibrium state it prefers to form uniform BLG with...

The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth model has been widely used to direct the growth of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, but the origin of the proposed process has not been experimentally confirmed. Here we report the experimental evidence of the origin of VLS growth. Al(69)Ni(31) alloyed particles are used as "catalysts" for growing AlN nanowires by nitridation reaction in N(2)-NH(3) at diff...

The stable isotopologues of water have been used in atmospheric and climate studies for over 50 years, because their strong temperature-dependent preferential condensation makes them useful diagnostics of the hydrological cycle. However, the degree of preferential condensation between vapor and ice has never been directly measured at temperatures below 233 K (-40 °C), conditions necessary to fo...

An analytic radiative-equilibrium model is formulated where both shortand longwave radiation are treated as two-stream (downand upward) fluxes. An equilibrium state is defined in the model by the vertical temperature profile. The sensitivity of any such state to the model atmosphere’s optical properties is formulated analytically. As an example, this general formulation is applied to a single-c...

Decompression experiments were performed on corn syrup-water solutions in order to investigate the effect of viscosity on processes of vesiculation and degassing at low to moderate degrees of volatile supersaturation. Repeat experiments demonstrated similar long term vesiculation behavior at moderate decompression rates despite highly variable initial nucleation styles. Results suggest that mag...

The purpose of this article is to present, for the chemical vapour deposition process, mass transport models with near local thermochemical equilibrium imposed in the gas-phase and at the deposition surface. The theoretical problems arising from the linking of the two approaches, thermodynamics and mass transport, are shown and a solution procedure is proposed. As an illustration, selected resu...

A large body of field data from Larderello shows striking temporal correlations between decline of well flow-rate, produced gaslsteam ratio, chloride concentration and produced vapor fraction. The latter is inferred from measured concentrations of non-condensible gases in samples of well fluid, using chemical phase equilibrium principles. Observed temporal changes in the vapor fractions can be ...