Introduction: The most common cause of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is posttraumatic, with around 80% of all cases, followed by primary and secondary ankle OA. Patients often present wit asymmetric involvement of the tibiotalar joint, resulting in valgus or varus deformity of the ankle and hindfoot. The etiology of asymmetric arthritic ankles can be divided into 2 main etiologic and morphologic gr...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to utilize three-dimensional kinematic (motion) analysis to determine whether gender differences existed in knee valgus kinematics in high school basketball athletes when performing a landing maneuver. The hypothesis of this study was that female athletes would demonstrate greater valgus knee motion (ligament dominance) and greater side-to-side (leg dominan...

The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of childhood rickets-like bone deformity in a rural region of West Africa where rickets has been reported in association with a low calcium intake. A population-based survey of children aged 0.5-17.9 years living in the province of West Kiang, The Gambia was conducted in 2007. 6221 children, 92% of those recorded in a recent census, were screened...

High tibial osteotomy is effective for managing a variety of knee conditions, including gonarthrosis with varus or valgus malalignment, osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis, posterolateral instability, and chondral resurfacing. The fundamental goals of the procedure are to unload diseased articular surfaces and to correct angular deformity at the tibiofemoral articulation. Although the clin...

Volume 86, Number 6 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 569 A 14-year-old girl presented with several weeks of intermittent right knee pain. The pain worsened after activity and improved with rest. She had not tried any over-the-counter analgesics. She played volleyball, but not around the time the pain began. Physical examination revealed a normalappearing right knee. There was no varus...

BACKGROUND This is to assess one of the rare complications after total knee replacement and to assess risk factors of failure. METHODS 11 patients with varus knee and an average age of 67 years underwent TKA between 2005 and 2013. All patients returned with a sudden sharp knee pain, disability to walk and significant decrease in ROM about 4 to 8 weeks after surgery. Radiographic examination r...

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to determine whether unilateral hallux valgus progresses unilaterally and to evaluate the demographics, etiologies, and radiographic findings associated with symptomatic unilateral hallux valgus deformities. METHODS Patients treated for hallux valgus between January 2004 and December 2008 were identified, and of these, 33 patients with unilateral deformiti...

BACKGROUND There are limited studies regarding the effects of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on other areas of lower extremity. In current study, we investigated the changes of tibiotalar joint following HTO. METHODS A total of 39 patients with genu varum requiring HTO were enrolled in this before and after study. The genu varus, joint diversion (JDA), lateral distal tibial (LDTA) and lateral di...

Background: Genu valgum usually originates from a deformity of distal femur that is often corrected by distal femoralvarus osteotomy. The osteotomy includes both components of angulationcorrection and translation because the siteof osteotomy is not commonly at the apex of deformity. Improvement of patellar tracking not only depends on valguscorrection, but also it may be partially due to centra...

In this paper we studied how subjects activate their muscles in response to static varus and valgus loads at the knee. The muscles' contributions to the external moments were estimated using an EMG driven biomechanical model of the knee. The individual muscle activation and loading patterns were examined to identify the strategies that the nervous system uses to support varus and valgus knee mo...