OBJECTIVES To explore clinically relevant differences in severity of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) in postmenopausal women treated with ospemifene compared with placebo. METHODS Analysis of two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 12-week phase-III studies in postmenopausal women (40-80 years, with VVA, treated with ospemifene 60 mg/day or placebo (Study 310 and Study 821)). Severity of ...

During the menopausal transition, women experience a number of symptoms due to declining estrogen levels, including vasomotor symptoms and vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). Unlike vasomotor symptoms, vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, the main symptoms of VVA, typically worsen without treatment and can significantly impact the quality of life. Up to 60% of postmenopausal women may be affected by ...

This review article reviews the published results of clinical use intravaginal non-invasive HIFU therapy for treatment urogenital atrophy, stress urinary incontinence, and wide vagina syndrome. Vaginal distension genitourinary syndromes menopause create physical, psychological, functional problems women their partners. Existing invasive treatments can lead to certain complications, so safer mor...

Post-menopausal bleeding occurs in 4-11% of post-menopausal women with the most common cause being endometrial atrophy followed by malignancies genital tract. Vaginal varices are a rare and usually seen pregnant women. They less than vulval varicosities which occur 2-4%of pregnancies. Other causes vaginal portal hypertension, pelvic congestion syndrome Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Here we report...