A comparative cross sectional study was conducted on blood samples (n=200)collected from children of 1 to 10 years age, selected by convenient sampling method. Differentcoupling agents were used bind measles antigen with erythrocyte suspensions differentconcentrations collected different species for standardization Indirect Hemagglutination Assay(IHA) which then testing serum the detection and ...

Three commonly used Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine strains elicited different magnitudes of T-cell activation and gamma interferon production in vitro in healthy BCG-vaccinated individuals. Glaxo 1077 exhibited the greatest stimulatory capacity, followed by Pasteur 1173 and then Danish 1331. These differences may affect in vitro stimulation and vaccination-induced immunogenicity.

INTRODUCTION Influenza is a considerable health problem all over the world. The most important group for influenza vaccination are children: the highest attack rate during community out-breaks of influenza can be found among school-aged children or their family members; children bear a considerable risk for complications due to influenza, leading to an increased need for healthcare resources (i...

BACKGROUND Tuberculin-specific T-cell responses have low diagnostic specificity in BCG vaccinated populations. While subunit-antigen (e.g. ESAT-6, CFP-10) based tests are useful for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection, there is no reliable immunological test for active pulmonary tuberculosis. Notably, all existing immunological tuberculosis-tests are based on T-cell response size, whereas ...

BACKGROUND HIV-infected individuals rely on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control viral replication. Despite abundant demonstrable benefits, the multiple limitations of ART point to the potential advantages of therapeutic vaccination approaches that could provide sustained host control of viral replication after discontinuation of ART. We provide evidence from a non-human primate model that a...

Adult influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal, particularly among African Americans. Social norms may influence vaccination behavior, but little research has focused on influenza vaccine and almost no research has focused on racially-specific norms. This mixed methods investigation utilizes qualitative interviews and focus groups (n = 118) and national survey results (n = 1643) to assess ...

BACKGROUND In times of limited organs for transplantation, anti-HBc-positive organs can be accepted for lung transplantation to increase the number of donors. Transplant recipients should be vaccinated against hepatitis B to prevent HBV infection. However, response after HBV vaccination has only been poorly evaluated in patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anti-HBs ti...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that influenza vaccination in the previous season may influence the effectiveness of current-season vaccination, but this has not been assessed in a single population over multiple years. METHODS Patients presenting with acute respiratory illness were prospectively enrolled during the 2004-2005 through 2012-2013 influenza seasons. Respiratory swabs were teste...

The objective of our study was to determine the status of influenza vaccination in patients presenting to two neighborhood primary health care clinics at the provincial centre of Antalya. This type of descriptive research was conducted between March 15 and April 15, 2006, at Primary Health Care Clinics Number 9 and 16 in Antalya. A prepared questionnaire was completed by Akdeniz University Medi...