To investigate the effect of vitamin A and Zn supplementation on vitamin A status, haemoglobin level and defecation of children with persistent diarrhea, a total of 160 paediatric patients were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups: daily supplementation of 1,500 IU VA for 14 days; daily Zn supplementation for 14 days; daily supplementation with both VA and Zn for 14 days; no sup...

OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) research activities, highlighting diabetes-related research. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetes is an important component of the VA research portfolio. All four VA research services support aspects of diabetes research. VA diabetes research projects and funding were examined from 1998 to 2003. RESULTS VA scientist...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of oxidative injury in affecting foetal and placental weights in mice by exposing them to tobacco smoke with or without supplementation with antioxidants. METHODS The randomized control trial of pregnant mice at day one of gestation was conducted at Anatomy Department CPSP Regional Center Islamabad, from March 2005 to October 2005. The mice were divided into ...

Numerous front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling systems exist, but it is unclear if such labels influence behavior. A single-summary label called Smart Choices (SC) appeared briefly on products in the United States in 2009. The current study aimed to evaluate (1) the influence the SC symbol has on the serving and consumption of cereal; and (2) the impact of providing calorie and serving size...

Objective Verbal autopsy (VA) is a systematic approach for determining causes of death (CoD) in populations without routine medical certification. It has mainly been used in research contexts and involved relatively lengthy interviews. Our objective here is to describe the process used to shorten, simplify, and standardise the VA process to make it feasible for application on a larger scale suc...

We studied the spatial distribution of the abnormal ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) units in a porcine model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE), using the fluorescent microsphere (FMS) technique. Four piglets ( approximately 22 kg) were anesthetized and ventilated with room air in the prone position. Each received approximately 20 g of preformed blood clots at time t = 0 min via a large-bor...

BACKGROUND To compare the cost-effectiveness of nutrition programs, the anticipated nutritional benefits of each intervention must be expressed using a common metric. OBJECTIVE We present the methodology for estimating the benefits of vitamin A (VA)-related interventions among women and children in Cameroon. METHODS We estimated "reach" (proportion of the population that receives a program)...

Platelet-derived coagulation factor Va is the primary secreted substrate for a thrombin-stimulation-dependent platelet kinase. Human platelet factor Va, consisting of a molecular weight (M(r)) 105,000 heavy chain and an M(r) 74,000 light chain, incorporates phosphate in at least two sites on the light chain. Phosphorylated factor Va represents 50% of the secreted protein-associated phosphate. T...

BACKGROUND The need for an anti-osteoporotic agent is in high demand since osteoporosis contributes to high rates of disability or impairment (high osteoporotic fracture), morbidity and mortality. Hence, the present study is designed to evaluate the protective effects of vanillic acid (VA) against bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS AND MET...

CONTEXT Celiac disease (CD) is associated with an increased fracture risk, an increase that persists after diagnosis. A significant proportion of patients with CD have persistent villous atrophy (VA) on follow-up biopsy. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether persistent VA impacts long-term fracture risk. DESIGN This was a cohort study. SETTING AND PATIENTS We ident...