In this paper we analyze stock allocation policies in general N-echelon distribution systems, where it is allowed to hold stock at all levels in the network. The goal is to achieve differentiated target customer service levels (fill rates). Various allocation rules and accompanying numerical methods that have already been developed for smaller networks are extended and compared in an extensive ...

In several works, Hartmut Kliemt has developed an original account on the necessity of rationing health care and on how a rationing policy should be carried out. While I agree on several important points of that view, there is one important aspect of his account that I do not find plausible: his claim that the so-called ‘acute principle’ (a principle that gives absolute preeminence to rescuing ...

BACKGROUND There is broad international agreement from clinicians and academics that healthcare rationing should be undertaken as explicitly as possible, and the BMA have publicly supported the call for more accountable priority setting for some time. However, studies in the UK and elsewhere suggest that clinicians experience a number of barriers to rationing openly, and the information needs o...

In the bipartite rationing problem, a set of agents share a single resource available in different “types”, each agent has a claim over only a subset of the resource-types, and these claims overlap in arbitrary fashion. The goal is to divide fairly the various types of resource between the claimants, when resources are in short supply. With a single type of resource, this is the standard ration...

Could age be a valid criterion for rationing? In Just health, Norman Daniels argues that under certain circumstances age rationing is prudent, and therefore a morally permissible strategy to tackle the problem of resource scarcity. Crucial to his argument is the distinction between two problem-settings of intergenerational equity: equity among age groups and equity among birth cohorts. While fa...

BACKGROUND The publicly financed health service in Sweden has come under increasing pressure, forcing policy makers to consider restrictions. OBJECTIVE To describe different perceptions of rationing, in particular, what citizens themselves believe influences their acceptance of having to stand aside for others in a public health service. DESIGN Qualitative interviews, analysed by phenomenog...

BACKGROUND Financial constraints and other forces affecting health care in many countries have led to nurses implicitly limiting their care in some instances. In the absence of an accepted definition and theoretical framework of implicit rationing of nursing care, a framework and the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care (BERNCA) instrument were developed. This instrument was used in the Sw...

Purpose. The aim of the article is research modern trends in labour rationing IT industry; determination functions standardization innovative specialists at three levels management ‒ macro-, meso- (the level industry) and micro- enterprise industry); substantiation principles work industry. Methodology research. method logical generalization office was used to substantiate functions, features, ...

Rationing in the UK National Health Service comes in many forms: there is choosing not to see something as a relative health problem in the first place; there are simple straight decisions not to fund treatments, investigations, preventive measures, etc because of lack of resources at that particular time; there is rationing by reasonable methods of priority setting at national and district lev...