Unlike synchronic linguists, who can ask their consultants for additional data and examples, historical linguists are, for the most part, stuck with the data we have. Only rarely are we able to add to the corpus of available texts, or find additional examples of a rare combination of phonemes. The problems of historical linguistics are thus inherently probabilistic: we must constantly decide wh...

Is there a characteristic Chinese conception of historical time, or perhaps a conception of time with Chinese characteristics? As far as such metahistorical issues are concerned, the title of this volume is noncommittal. It does not claim, for example, that there was a unitary conception of time in Chinese historical thinking, or that notions of time that developed in China differed essentially...

This paper examines some of the ethical problems involved in undertaking Internet research and draws on historical accounts as well as contemporary studies to offer an analysis of the issues raised. It argues that privacy is a misleading and confusing concept to apply to the Internet, and that the concept of nonalienation is more resourceful in addressing the many ethical issues surrounding Int...

This article documents the history and implementation of health-based capitation risk adjustment in Minnesota public health care programs, and identifies key implementation issues. Capitation payments in these programs are risk adjusted using an historical, health plan risk score, based on concurrent risk assessment. Phased implementation of capitation risk adjustment for these programs began J...

Historical Analysis of National Subjective Wellbeing Using Millions of Digitized Books We present the first attempt to construct a long-run historical measure of subjective wellbeing using language corpora derived from millions of digitized books. While existing measures of subjective wellbeing go back to at most the 1970s, we can go back at least 200 years further using our methods. We analyse...

Convenient access to handwritten historical document collections in libraries generally requires an index, which allows one to locate individual text units (pages, sentences, lines) that are relevant to a given query (usually provided as text). Currently, extensive manual labor is used to annotate and organize such collections, because handwriting recognition approaches provide only poor result...

this article deals with the discourse of cultural globalisation and related issues such as the global market and cultural industry, which emerged as recent seminal factors within the context of iranian culture, art and artistic practice during the recent history of iran. moreover, it seeks to explore the inevitable issues drawn from the process of globalisation, namely the forces of standardisa...

undoubtedly, macedonian alexander is one of the history makers and effective miens in the history and civilization of human being. it is surprising that independent works on alexander in persian literature are much more than any other historical or mythical figure. in addition to many historical texts which are talking about alexander,s life and personality in detail, eight works have been writ...