BACKGROUND In previous reports concerning the association between sex disparity and age, gastric cancer (GC) patients were simply divided into younger and older groups by age. We analyzed the age trend of the male to female sex ratio (MFSR) in GC based on patient sequential age in order to observe the changing process of MFSR with age. METHODS One thousand seven hundred fifty-one surgical gas...

Two-by-two tables commonly arise in comparative trials and cross-sectional studies. In medical studies, two-by-two tables may have a small sample size due to the rarity of a condition, or to limited resources. Current recommendations on the appropriate statistical test mostly specify the chi-squared test for tables where the minimum expected number is at least 5 (following Fisher and Cochran), ...

In case-control studies identifying disease susceptibility loci, it has been shown that the interaction caused by multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a gene as well as by SNPs at unlinked genes plays an important role in influencing risk of a disease. A novel statistical approach is proposed to detect gene-gene interactions at the allelic level contributing to a disease trait...

Abstract The main issue of coffee commodity in Indonesia besides productivity is quality consistency. Defective has a low level as well selling value and potentially detrimental for the industry. However, despite its potential impact on consumption behavior, study based Indonesian consumer perspectives still limitedly published. This aimed to investigate perception effect behavior. was conducte...

The pair (K, ρ) consisting of a knotK ⊂ S and a surjective map ρ from the knot group onto a dihedral group is said to be a p-colored knot. In [Mos], D. Moskovich conjectures that for any odd prime p there are exactly p equivalence classes of p-colored knots up to surgery along unknots in the kernel of the coloring. We show that there are at most 2p equivalence classes. This is an improvement up...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe the bacterial flora of women in preterm labor with or without premature rupture of membranes. METHODS Retrospective studies of 239 patients with preterm labor were performed. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-three of 239 patients with preterm labor (51.5%) had bacterial vaginosis. Seventy of the 239 patients with preterm labor (29.3%) developed p...

This study was a replication of an earlier Cochran & Ganong study that investigated the perception of nurses and patients regarding the stressors faced by patients in the intensive care unit environment. As the original study was American in origin, one of the aims of the present study was to discover if the results would be replicated in a United Kingdom (UK) intensive care unit. Data collecti...

We first describe a number of inter-related issues that need to be considered by the researcher when comparing frequencies of linguistic features in two or more corpora. We then describe the chi-squared and log-likelihood tests used in previous research for the comparison of word frequencies. Our focus, in this paper, is on the issue of reliability of the statistical tests, and we describe simu...

PURPOSE To determine if glaucomatous visual field defect severity is associated with fear of falling. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 387 consecutive subjects with POAG were enrolled in this study along with 293-ocular disease-free control subjects, who were screened at the same institutions. We defined mild POAG as MD of -6 dB or better, moderate POAG as MD of -6 to -12 d...