Juwet fruit is high antioxidants that can increase reproductive ability. This study aims to see the effect of juwet extract on morphology and ratio X Y spermatozoa after exposure cigarette smoke. used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments namely K-, K+ (given 1 commercial cigarette/day), P1 1.8 mg/g BW one P2 ( given BW) P3 filter/day) each treatment had 4 replications. The par...

Ash and soot particles are generated during engine combustion deposited in particulate filters. In order to understand the basic processes that occur a filter filtration process have be quickly replicably. this study, fundamental investigations conducted on generation of ash independently an produce defined aerosol. The formation from oils with differences sulfate content (SAC; 0.7%, 2.6%, 4.5%...

BACKGROUND The current cigarette market is heavily focused on low-income and middle-income countries. Branding of tobacco products is key to establishing and maintaining a customer base. Greater restrictions on marketing and advertising of tobacco products create an incentive for companies to focus more on branding via the product itself. We consider how tobacco sticks are used for communicativ...

BACKGROUND Cigarettes are being marketed with filters that differ in composition and design. The filters have different toxicant trapping efficiencies, and smoking stains reflect variations in smoking behavior. Presented herein are the results of a structured literature review that was done to identify cigarette filter-based assays that may serve as proxies for mouth-level exposure and assessin...

BACKGROUND Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with human morbidity and mortality, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD and lung cancer. Although direct DNA-damage is a leading pathomechanism in active smokers, passive smoking is enough to induce bronchial asthma, especially in children. Particulate matter (PM) demonstrably plays an important role in this ETS-ass...

The relative intakes of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were estimated in 2455 cigarette smokers, who freely smoked their usual brands of cigarette. The estimates were derived by using an objective index of inhaling based on the measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin divided by the carbon monoxide yield of the cigarettes smoked, after background and carry over carboxyhaemoglobin effects had been ...

In order to protect the human health from harmful effects of smoking, we consider the magnitude and range in levels of various groups of toxic organic compounds: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols and chloroorganic pesticides in mainstream cigarette smoke, obtained from Yugoslav blend cigarette. The cigarette smoke condensate was collected with el...