in this study, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (usaeme) combined with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (gc-fid) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of carbamazepine in biological samples. in this method, the fine droplets of 1-octanol were formed and dispersed in the sample with the help of ultrasonic waves, which accelera...

Two processes permit the urine pH and the medullary interstitial pH to remain in an "ideal range" to minimize the risk of forming kidney stones. First, a medullary shunt for NH(3) maintains the urine pH near 6.0 to minimize uric acid precipitation when distal H(+) secretion is high. Second, excreting dietary alkali excreting alkali as a family of organic anions--including citrate--rather than a...

A method for isolating organic acids from acidified urine on an equivolume mixture of Porapak Q and Porapak T is described, and results are compared with extraction with ethyl acetate and ion exchange on DEAE-Sephadex. Average recoveries of 14C-labeled oxalic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, citric acid, and cinnamic acid were equal to or better than those obtained wit...

Arsenic speciation analysis was performed in two human urine certified reference materials (NIES No. 18 and NIST SRM2670a) and three human urine control materials (Seronorm, Medisafe and Lyphocheck). The samples were diluted 1 1 3 prior to analysis by gradient elution anion or cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry...

background: volatile organic compounds (vocs), including carcinogens and toxic compounds, are produced in petrochemical industries. we undertook this study in order to study workers’ respiratory exposure to different voc concentrations and compare the results with the urinary levels of its metabolites and study the correlation between them in petrochemical industries. materials and methods: exp...

The conjugates with sulfate and glucoside of xanthurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, were reported to show natriuresis. Sulfotransferase for xanthurenic acid works in the renal proximal tubule to produce the sulfate of xanthurenic acid as well as the liver, and we recently found that xanthurenic acid is a substrate of renal organic anion transporter OAT1. The purpose of this study was to exa...

Changes in plasma concentration of small organic metabolites could be due to their altered production or urinary excretion and changes in their urine concentration may be due to the changes in their filtered load, tubular reabsorption, and/or altered urine volume. Therefore, these factors should be considered in interpretation of the changes observed in plasma or urine of the target metabolite(...

Background & Aim: Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a widely used plant that has high nutritional value .This study evaluated prevention effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Punica granatum flower and leaves ethylene glycol-induced Nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. Experimental: 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. G...

Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including carcinogens and toxic compounds, are produced in petrochemical industries. We undertook this study in order to study workers’ respiratory exposure to different VOC concentrations and compare the results with the urinary levels of its metabolites and study the correlation between them in petrochemical industries. Materials and Met...