BACKGROUND Assessment of human exposure to non-persistent pesticides such as pyrethroids is often based on urinary biomarker measurements. Urinary metabolite levels of these pesticides are usually reported in volume-weighted concentrations or creatinine-adjusted concentrations measured in spot urine samples. It is known that these units are subject to intra- and inter-individual variations. Thi...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the ratio between urinary prostate specific antigen (uPSA) and tumor volume after prostate biopsy. METHODS From 2000 to July 2008, uPSA concentration was determined in 60 patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). All patients underwent six-area transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)--guided biopsy, with at least 12 biopsy cores. Single pathologist determined...

To study the relationship between vasopressin and the renal kallikrein-kinin system we measured the rate of excretion of kinins into the urine of anesthetized rats during conditions of increased and decreased vasopressin level. The excretion of immunoreactive kinins in Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) (24 +/- 3 pg min-1 kg-1) was lower than in the control Long Evans (LE)...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP) is a relatively new technology for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We reviewed our initial experience regarding the efficacy and safety of this technique for symptomatic and obstructive BPH. MATERIAL AND METHODS During the last year, 35 patients with a mean...

Urolithiasis is the third most common urological disease affecting the urinary tract. However, the risk factors that may influnce the calculous kidney damage is still unclear and needs further evaluation. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 661 patients who presented to our hospital and underwent surgery for urolithiasis. All laboratory test results were obtained operatively, within a we...

OBJECTIVE There is a high incidence of hypophosphataemia in the critically ill. It is known that even moderate hypophosphataemia can produce a variety of adverse consequences. Many phosphate replacement regimens have been suggested, most are conservative and few validated in the critical care environment. We designed a study to determine the apparent volume of distribution of phosphate and quan...

An in-depth overview of the normal-tissue radiation tolerance of the urinary bladder is presented. The most informative studies consider whole-organ irradiation. The data on partial-organ/nonuniform irradiation are suspect because the bladder motion is not accounted for, and many studies lack long enough follow-up data. Future studies are needed.

Owing to the frequent use of bedside ultrasound, much is known about the regulation of and normative values for amniotic fluid volume and the mechanisms by which this fluid is regulated. The management protocols for conditions with extremes of amniotic fluid volume have become more exact, resulting in interventions more likely to improve outcome. Much is still unclear; there are no tools to mea...

Nurses commonly provide the initial assessment, diagnosis, and outcome management of altered urinary elimination and related nursing diagnoses. Impaired urinary elimination is a nursing diagnosis used for dysfunction involving the urethra, bladder, or ureters. More specific nursing diagnoses include Stress Urinary Incontinence, Reflex Urinary Incontinence, Functional Urinary Incontinence, and U...

results long-term exposure to lead acetate caused histopathology effects including dilatation, congestion, nuclei heterochromatic effects, increase in diameter of renal tubules and urinary barrier thickness in rabbit renal tissue. conclusions quantitative and qualitative results of long-term lead acetate exposure showed many histopathology side-effects, especially in the urinary barrier. materi...