PURPOSE Recurrent stone formers commonly present with calculi on the same side and the etiology of recurrent unilateral urolithiasis is unclear. Despite comprehensive metabolic evaluations, many patients will not be readily categorized into a treatable group. Data from the literature support that sleep posture may result in alterations of renal hemodynamics. We investigate the correlation of sl...

PURPOSE We compared the effect of 3 animal protein sources on urinary stone risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 healthy subjects completed a 3-phase randomized, crossover metabolic study. During each 1-week phase subjects consumed a standard metabolic diet containing beef, chicken or fish. Serum chemistry and 24-hour urine samples collected at the end of each phase were compared using m...

Interstitial Randall's plaques and collecting duct plugs are distinct forms of renal calcification thought to provide sites for stone retention within the kidney. Here we assessed kidney stone precursor lesions in a random cohort of stone formers undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Each accessible papilla was endoscopically mapped following stone removal. The percent papillary surface area...

OBJECTIVE To look at the role and safety of ureteroscopy for stone management in obese patients. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library from January 1990 to June 2011 for results of ureteroscopy and stone treatment in obese patients. Inclusion criteria were all English language articles reporting on ureteroscopy in patients with morbid obesity. Data on the outcomes and c...

This is a 49-year-old female known to have had cystectomy and ileal conduit 4 years ago presented to our hospital complaining of left flank pain with recurrent urinary tract infection. Radiologic investigations showed left lower pole renal stone. She underwent left laser flexible ureterorenoscopy. Renal collection system was fully explored that showed stone occupying the lower calix, laser disi...

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. We report a 6-year-old male with type IIA2 (Y-type) using Effmann's classification. The accessory urethra, in which a urinary stone existed, arose from the posterior urethra to the scrotum. Because of recurrent urinary tract infection and urinary discharge from the accessory urethra, surgical removal of the accessory urethra through a scrotal i...

Calcium oxalate is the most common constituent of kidney stones. Increases in urinary oxalate increase risk of calcium oxalate supersaturation more than increases in urinary calcium, as the physiological level of oxalate is about one-fifth to one-tenth that of urinary calcium. Urinary oxalate derives from two sources: endogenous synthesis and diet. Endogenous synthesis is proportional to lean b...