According to several types of research, one of the most important issues and principles of sustainable development that urban professionals pay attention to it recently is Just City. One aspect of Justice in cities, spatial justice, has particular significance by Unequal and discordant Expanding in cities regarding creating unequal areas. On the other hand, the urban spatial structure affects t...

The network metaphor in the analysis of urban and territorial cases has a long tradition, especially in transportation or land-use planning and economic geography. More recently, urban design has brought its contribution by means of the `space syntax' methodology. All these approachesöthough under different terms like `accessibility', `proximity', `integration' `connectivity', `cost', or `effor...

during a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, bo...

There is a great need throughout the Middle East and North Africa for contemporary urban research that goes beyond classical analysis of the traditional Arab City. Important topics include urban transformation, the flow of global capital and its affect on urban realities, urban structures and polity, changes in social life and lines of inclusion and exclusion , and such " metropolitization " fo...

The process of suburbanization of Riyadh, a city of 4.5 million inhabitants, offers a unique situation in which the urban morphology of the city can be examined in light of socio-political and economic conditions. Central government ordinances helped create 'dysfunctional' sprawl by mandating big lots and over wide streets. Fifty percent of the city's urban plan of approximately 1,300 square ki...

introduction internationally, the most widely used term to describe the phenomenon of people owning or utilizing some sort of dwelling for recreational and secondary purposes is a second home. throughout the world, many different terms are used to describe second home. however, even if differences in defining the phenomenon do occur, the similarities between the terms and definitions are obviou...

Tamborine Mountain is a 25 square kilometre plateau located within the urban-rural fringe of the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Renowned for its superb climate, spectacular views, lush farmland and subtropical rainforest, Tamborine Mountain offers a wide variety of nature-based tourism activities such as bushwalking, rainforest appreciation and wine tasting. This phenomenon requires the har...