Using quadratic Engel curves with measurement errors, we identify the proportion of urban households in Ethiopia for whom food exhibits the characteristics of a luxury commodity. The threshold welfare level beyond which food ceases to be a luxury is found to lie between the 35 and 47 percentiles of the total expenditure distribution. This suggests that policy aimed at reducing food poverty shou...

this study examined the relationship between some socio- demographic variables, medical orientations and utilization of health services of urban in comparison with rural head of households. the data for this study were obtained as part of 1975 health survey of the southern provinces of iran. the finding revealed a significant relationship between the indices used in this study, particularly in ...

Even though solid waste management has become a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of Ethiopia, only 2% of the population receive solid waste management services. The primary objective of this study is to assess solid waste management practices of Bahir Dar City. The technique of multistage random sampling has been employed to draw 350 households for this study, with b...

the purpose of this paper is measuring and analyzing the impacts of meat price changes on consumer’s welfare. first, the almost ideal demand system (aids) was estimated for meats in urban household in 1984-2009 years. then, compensating variation (cv) criterion was computed to measuring the consumer’s welfare changes based on taylor series expansion method and the results from the estimated aid...

ii Summary This paper provides a review of the literature on migration, HIV/AIDS and urban food security, and attempts to draw the links between these three powerful dynamics which are at play in Southern and Eastern Africa. The aim of the paper is to stimulate discussion and provide a platform for developing an action research agenda to inform policy and programming within these three intercon...

Conventional wastewater collection systems are installed to remove human wastes from households in cities and urban areas. This system demands high water supply rates as the wastes are flushed through pipes using water that flows under gravity. This system is capital extensive, and has been found to be not suitable in urban areas with smaller population sizes. Also, for the same reason, not sui...

Child labor is regarded as an ambiguous and controversial challenge encountered in majority of countries across the world. Given the incidence and prevalence of this phenomenon in Iran and the importance of household health expenditures, this study was done to evaluate the impact of children’s entry into labor market on household health expenditures. This study was conducted on urban households...

AIMS In Kenya, it is estimated that 60 to 80% of urban residents live in slum or slum-like conditions. This study investigates expenditures patterns of slum dwellers in Nairobi, their coping strategies and the determinants of those coping strategies. METHOD We use a dataset from the Indicator Development for Surveillance of Urban Emergencies (IDSUE) research study conducted in four Nairobi sl...

Peri-urban infestations with triatomine bugs, their sources and their dynamics have rarely been investigated. Here, we corroborated the reported occurrence of Triatoma infestans in a peri-urban area and in neighbouring rural houses in Pampa del Indio, in the Argentine Chaco, and identified its putative sources using spatial analysis and demographic questionnaires. Peri-urban householders report...